Question 1

The __________ approach shifted the emphasis from structure, power, and individualization to individual needs and human relationships.&#10;A) classical&#10;B) human relations&#10;C) human resources&#10;D) Theory Z

Accepted Answer

The human relations approach in management and organizational theory shifted the focus towards the importance of individual needs and the significance of human relationships in the workplace, emphasizing the psychological and social aspects of work.

Question 2

Elton Mayo, lead researcher of the Hawthorne studies, was attempting to follow __________'s principles of scientific management.&#10;A) Frederick Taylor&#10;B) Max Weber&#10;C) Henri Fayol&#10;D) Mary Parker Follett

Accepted Answer

Elton Mayo's Hawthorne studies, which explored how different conditions in the workplace affected worker productivity, were initially inspired by Frederick Taylor's principles of scientific management. Taylor's work focused on improving economic efficiency and labor productivity through systematic study and analysis of work processes.

Question 3

What were the results of the Illumination Studies?&#10;A) Productivity increased in the control group.&#10;B) Productivity increased in the experimental group.&#10;C) Productivity increased as lighting increased.&#10;D) all of the above

Accepted Answer

The Illumination Studies, part of the Hawthorne Studies, found that productivity increased not just with changes in lighting but in both the control and experimental groups, suggesting that factors other than lighting, such as being observed, could increase productivity.

Question 4

What were the results of the Relay Assembly Room Studies?&#10;A) Overall productivity decreased.&#10;B) Overall satisfaction decreased.&#10;C) Sometimes satisfaction and productivity levels increased, while other times they decreased.&#10;D) Productivity and satisfaction increased regardless of changes.

Accepted Answer

The Relay Assembly Room Studies found that productivity and satisfaction increased regardless of the changes made to the work environment, highlighting the importance of social factors and worker attention in the workplace.

Question 5

What best characterizes the __________ movement is the clear shift from organizational standardization to an emphasis on the individual worker.&#10;A) classical&#10;B) human relations&#10;C) human resources&#10;D) Theory Z

Accepted Answer

The human relations movement emphasizes the importance of individual workers and their needs, feelings, and motivations within the workplace, marking a shift from the focus on organizational structure and efficiency that characterized earlier approaches.

Question 6

Which of the following serves as Maslow's second level in his hierarchy of needs?&#10;A) safety&#10;B) social&#10;C) esteem&#10;D) self-actualization

Accepted Answer

Maslow's hierarchy of needs places safety needs as the second level, immediately after physiological needs. This level includes personal and financial security, health and well-being, and safety against accidents/illness.

Question 7

When an organization provides opportunities for connection with other employees, the __________ needs of the employee are being met.&#10;A) safety&#10;B) social&#10;C) esteem&#10;D) self-actualization

Accepted Answer

Opportunities for connection with other employees meet the social needs of an employee, as these needs involve feelings of belongingness and love, including workplace relationships and friendships.

Question 8

Megan is satisfied with the incentives and compensation packages at her job, so her __________ needs are likely being met.&#10;A) safety&#10;B) social&#10;C) esteem&#10;D) self-actualization

Accepted Answer

Esteem needs are related to a person's sense of self-worth and accomplishment. Megan's satisfaction with her incentives and compensation packages suggests that her esteem needs are being met.

Question 9

Which of the following is one of Herzberg's dissatisfiers?&#10;A) advancement&#10;B) responsibility&#10;C) recognition&#10;D) salary

Accepted Answer

Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory identifies motivators and hygiene factors. Salary is considered a hygiene factor, also known as a dissatisfier, because its absence can cause dissatisfaction, but its presence does not necessarily lead to satisfaction or motivation.

Question 10

In Herzberg's theory, __________ have little effect on positive job attitudes.&#10;A) hygiene factors&#10;B) motivators&#10;C) dissatisfiers&#10;D) both a and c

Accepted Answer

In Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory, hygiene factors (such as salary, work conditions, and company policies) do not lead to positive job attitudes when present, but their absence can cause dissatisfaction. Dissatisfiers are essentially another term for hygiene factors in this context. Motivators (such as achievement, recognition, and the work itself), on the other hand, are what lead to positive job attitudes.

Question 11

Which of the following is an assumption held by Theory X managers?&#10;A) The average man works as little as possible.&#10;B) Management should help people achieve their own goals.&#10;C) Management should help people recognize their characteristics.&#10;D) The average man is not passive or resistant to organizational needs.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is an assumption...

Question 12

Which of the following is an assumption held by Theory Y managers?&#10;A) The average man works as little as possible.&#10;B) The average man lacks ambition.&#10;C) The average man is by nature resistant to change.&#10;D) The average man is not passive or resistant to organizational needs.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is an assumption...

Question 13

As a manager, Jack shows a fairly low concern for his employees and does not seem concerned about meeting production standards. He could be considered a(n) __________ manager.&#10;A) impoverished&#10;B) country club&#10;C) authority-compliance&#10;D) team

Accepted Answer

The answer of As a manager, Jack shows a fairly...

Question 14

Blake and Mouton believe that all managers should strive to be a(n) __________ manager.&#10;A) impoverished&#10;B) country club&#10;C) authority-compliance&#10;D) team

Accepted Answer

The answer of Blake and Mouton believe that all managers...

Question 15

As a manager, Sasha tends to focus primarily on getting results but not what her employees need. She could be considered a(n) __________ manager.&#10;A) impoverished&#10;B) country club&#10;C) authority-compliance&#10;D) team

Accepted Answer

The answer of As a manager, Sasha tends to focus...

Question 16

According to Rensis Likert, when people are motivated through fear, threat, or punishment, the organization is likely a(n) __________ organization.&#10;A) exploitive authoritative&#10;B) benevolent authoritative&#10;C) consultative&#10;D) participative group

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Rensis Likert, when people are...

Question 17

Many of the employees at OrgCorp are motivation by the desire to gain new experience. This would fall under a(n) __________ system.&#10;A) exploitive authoritative&#10;B) benevolent authoritative&#10;C) consultative&#10;D) participative group

Accepted Answer

The answer of Many of the employees at OrgCorp are...

Question 18

Sameer and his employees tend to work closely as a group to reach their goals. This is indicative of which type of system?&#10;A) exploitive authoritative&#10;B) benevolent authoritative&#10;C) consultative&#10;D) participative group

Accepted Answer

The answer of Sameer and his employees tend to work...

Question 19

Which of the following is a characteristic of American organizations, as described by William Ouchi?&#10;A) lifetime employment&#10;B) nonspecialized career paths&#10;C) rapid evaluation and promotion&#10;D) collective responsibility

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is a characteristic...

Question 20

Companies that tend to have long-term employment, often for a lifetime, tend to be __________ types of companies.&#10;A) Theory X&#10;B) Theory Z&#10;C) for-profit&#10;D) nonprofit

Accepted Answer

The answer of Companies that tend to have long-term employment,...

Question 21

Describe Maslow's hierarchy of needs.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe Maslow's hierarchy of needs....

Question 22

Describe Herzberg's motivation-hygiene theory.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe Herzberg's motivation-hygiene theory....

Question 23

Describe Likert's approach to his systems theory.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe Likert's approach to his systems theory....

Question 24

Discuss and compare the classical, human relations, and human resources approaches.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss and compare the classical, human relations,...

Question 25

Describe the major differences between Theory X and Theory Y. Then articulate the alternatives illustrated by Theory Z.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the major differences between Theory X...

Deck 3: Humanistic Approaches to Organizational Communication