Deck 8: Innovations in Field Operations

Question 1

___ involve the community identifying and defining crime and problems and leverage the public as allies in crime prevention.

A) Reactive methods of policing
B) Formal social control approaches
C) Community-based approaches
D) Police pursuits

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The ___ capitalizes on geographic crime concentration in order to focus policing resources in small places at a specific time.

A) The problem-solving approach
B) The person-focused approach
C) The place-based approach
D) All of the above

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a dimension of procedural justice?

A) Failing to treat people with dignity and respect.
B) Giving citizens voice during encounters.
C) Being neutral and transparent in decision-making.
D) Conveying trustworthy motives.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Wilson and Kelling proposed the policing innovation known as ___ in an article in The Atlantic in 1982.

A) the place-based approach
B) the broken windows theory
C) procedural justice
D) formal social control

Question 5

___is proactive, uses the uncommitted time for a specified activity, and is based on crime and problem analysis.

A) Hot spots policing
B) Criminal focused policing
C) Gun violence policing
D) Directed patrol

Question 6

The ___ indicated that increased seizures of illegal guns in a high-crime area can reduce violent gun crimes.

A) Kansas City Patrol Experiment
B) Pittsburgh Firearm Control Study
C) Kansas City Gun Experiment
D) Indianapolis Firearms Project

Question 7

This strategy emphasizes real-time crime analysis and incorporates intelligence analysis in the deployment of specialized units and regular patrol officers.

A) Person-based approaches
B) Community-oriented policing
C) Directed patrol
D) Intelligence-led policing

Question 8

Which of the following is not one of the factors that led to the development and expansion of intelligence-led policing?

A) Technological improvements in police data systems
B) The terrorist attacks on 9/11
C) The "new managerialsim" philosophy
D) The implementation of foot patrol in inner-city neighborhoods

Question 9

Although it did not reduce serious crime, it did have a modest effect on disorder. This statement comes from a study of ___.

A) Directed patrol
B) Risk management
C) Hot spot policing
D) None of the above

Question 10

___ approaches focus on deterring the relatively small number of individuals involved in a disproportionate amount of gun violence, particularly gang or group members, while simultaneously providing services for anyone wanting to avoid violence.

A) Broken windows theory
B) Place-based
C) Specific deterrence
D) Focused deterrence

Question 11

Quality of life policing is based on what?

A) Reactive arrests
B) The repeat offender project
C) Broken-windows theory
D) Specific deterrence

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a feature of focused deterrence?

A) Selecting a particular crime problem
B) Focusing only police efforts to embrace nonviolence in order to challenge retaliatory violence
C) Communicating directly and repeatedly with offenders
D) Pulling together an interagency enforcement group

Question 13

_____ targets the reduction of physical (e.g., graffiti) and social (e.g., prostitution) disorder to reduce serious crime.

A) Event analysis
B) Directed patrol
C) Quality-of-life
D) Target-oriented policing

Question 14

The cease-fire strategy was directed at what?

A) Illegal weapons
B) Gang-related violence
C) Suppliers of illegal guns
D) All of the above

Question 15

Which of the following does intelligence-led policing demand?

A) Centralization of information
B) More analytical capacity
C) More centralization of decision making
D) All of the above

Question 16

In the Kansas City Gun Experiment, in which area did gun-related crime decline?

A) The general deterrence area
B) The offender-specific deterrence area
C) The comparison areas
D) None of the above

Question 17

Predictive policing aims at ___.

A) complete social control
B) anticipation
C) lower arrest rates
D) All of the above

Question 18

Some agencies that employ predictive policing have established real-time crime centers, whose purpose is to ___.

A) compile crime statistics
B) analyze officer behavior
C) analyze past crime statistics
D) react to crime very quickly

Question 19

Which of the following strategies have led to public reassurance and reductions in fear of crime??

A) Community-oriented policing
B) Problem-oriented policing
C) Predictive policing
D) All of the above

Question 20

The evidence suggests that there is little evidence that ___ reduces crime. a. Problem-oriented policing

A) a. Problem-oriented policing
B) Community-oriented policing
C) Predictive policing
D) Intelligence-led policing

Question 21

The person-focused approach attempts to understand and address underlying causes of crime and disorder, and draws solutions to eliminate these underlying causes of crime.

Question 22

Community-based approaches enlist and mobilize people are not in law enforcement.

Question 23

If public trust is low, any lack of transparency is often interpreted as an attempt to evade accountability.

Question 24

Predictive policing targets the reduction of physical and social disorder to reduce serious crime.

Question 25

The Kansas City Gun Experiment indicated that increased seizures of illegal guns in a high-crime area significantly increasese violent gun crimes.

Question 26

The concept of intelligence-led policing originated in the United Kingdom and Australia.

Question 27

The terrorist attacks on 9/11 are a major factor in accounting for the development and expansion of intelligence-led policing.

Question 28

Predictive policing focuses on reacting to crimes.

Question 29

The Boston Gun Project is a well-known example of quality-of-life policing.

Question 30

Evaluations of ceasefire strategies in Minneapolis, Lowell, Massachusetts, Kansas City, and New Orleans reported no success in reducing homicides.

Question 31

A focused deterrence strategy evaluated in Los Angeles, also patterned heavily after the Boston program, did not produce significant results with respect to gang violence.

Question 32

Intelligence-led policing has been an abject failure.

Question 33

Predictive policing raises philosophical and legal concerns.

Question 34

Prioritizing police resources on those who are most likely to be repeat or chronic offenders is the goal of the problem-solving approach to policing.

Question 35

Another phrase used to describe focused deterrence is pulling-levers policing.

Question 36

Quality-of-life policing targets the reduction of physical and social disorder in order to reduce serious crime.

Question 37

Like intelligence-led policing, focused deterrence initiatives have been found ineffective in dealing with crime.

Question 38

What works in policing is quite easy to identify.

Question 39

One reason that ii is difficult to determine the effectiveness of intelligence-led and predictive policing is that both are too new for solid evidence to have been gathered on them.

Question 40

The authors suggest that police departments choose the elements of the strategies that best fit their organizational cultures.

Question 41

Why are procedural justice, transparency, and accountability so important to police legitimacy?

Question 42

Discuss several of the studies mentioned in the text concerning guns and gang violence. How did these projects go about reducing gun-related violence? Were they successful in achieving this goal?

Question 43

Explain the how the Kansas City Preventive Patrol Experiment worked and discuss the findings of the study.

Question 44

Explain how the concept of directed patrol and hot spots works.

Question 45

Describe and discuss why it is difficult to identify what works in policing.

Question 46

Matching
-Person-focused approach

A) A location that requires a disproportionate amount of police time and resources
B) Is related to fairness and focuses on the quality of treatment that citizens receive
C) Uses real-time crime analysis and incorporates intelligence analysis to aid in deployment of police
D) Aimed at deterring the small number of people involved in a disproportionate amount of gun violence
E) Emphasizes the focus on quality-of-life offenses
F) Recognizes that small proportions of individuals are involved in a disproportionate amount of crime
G) Clear and honest representation of practices
H) A proactive strategy based on crime and problem analysis
I) Focus on anticipating crimes
J) Targets the reduction of physical (e.g., graffiti) and social (e.g., prostitution) disorder to reduce serious crime

Question 47

Matching
-Procedural justice

A) A location that requires a disproportionate amount of police time and resources
B) Is related to fairness and focuses on the quality of treatment that citizens receive
C) Uses real-time crime analysis and incorporates intelligence analysis to aid in deployment of police
D) Aimed at deterring the small number of people involved in a disproportionate amount of gun violence
E) Emphasizes the focus on quality-of-life offenses
F) Recognizes that small proportions of individuals are involved in a disproportionate amount of crime
G) Clear and honest representation of practices
H) A proactive strategy based on crime and problem analysis
I) Focus on anticipating crimes
J) Targets the reduction of physical (e.g., graffiti) and social (e.g., prostitution) disorder to reduce serious crime

Question 48

Matching
-Transparency

A) A location that requires a disproportionate amount of police time and resources
B) Is related to fairness and focuses on the quality of treatment that citizens receive
C) Uses real-time crime analysis and incorporates intelligence analysis to aid in deployment of police
D) Aimed at deterring the small number of people involved in a disproportionate amount of gun violence
E) Emphasizes the focus on quality-of-life offenses
F) Recognizes that small proportions of individuals are involved in a disproportionate amount of crime
G) Clear and honest representation of practices
H) A proactive strategy based on crime and problem analysis
I) Focus on anticipating crimes
J) Targets the reduction of physical (e.g., graffiti) and social (e.g., prostitution) disorder to reduce serious crime

Question 49

Matching
-Quality-of-life policing

A) A location that requires a disproportionate amount of police time and resources
B) Is related to fairness and focuses on the quality of treatment that citizens receive
C) Uses real-time crime analysis and incorporates intelligence analysis to aid in deployment of police
D) Aimed at deterring the small number of people involved in a disproportionate amount of gun violence
E) Emphasizes the focus on quality-of-life offenses
F) Recognizes that small proportions of individuals are involved in a disproportionate amount of crime
G) Clear and honest representation of practices
H) A proactive strategy based on crime and problem analysis
I) Focus on anticipating crimes
J) Targets the reduction of physical (e.g., graffiti) and social (e.g., prostitution) disorder to reduce serious crime

Question 50

Matching
-Broken windows theory

A) A location that requires a disproportionate amount of police time and resources
B) Is related to fairness and focuses on the quality of treatment that citizens receive
C) Uses real-time crime analysis and incorporates intelligence analysis to aid in deployment of police
D) Aimed at deterring the small number of people involved in a disproportionate amount of gun violence
E) Emphasizes the focus on quality-of-life offenses
F) Recognizes that small proportions of individuals are involved in a disproportionate amount of crime
G) Clear and honest representation of practices
H) A proactive strategy based on crime and problem analysis
I) Focus on anticipating crimes
J) Targets the reduction of physical (e.g., graffiti) and social (e.g., prostitution) disorder to reduce serious crime

Question 51

Matching
-Directed patrol

A) A location that requires a disproportionate amount of police time and resources
B) Is related to fairness and focuses on the quality of treatment that citizens receive
C) Uses real-time crime analysis and incorporates intelligence analysis to aid in deployment of police
D) Aimed at deterring the small number of people involved in a disproportionate amount of gun violence
E) Emphasizes the focus on quality-of-life offenses
F) Recognizes that small proportions of individuals are involved in a disproportionate amount of crime
G) Clear and honest representation of practices
H) A proactive strategy based on crime and problem analysis
I) Focus on anticipating crimes
J) Targets the reduction of physical (e.g., graffiti) and social (e.g., prostitution) disorder to reduce serious crime

Question 52

Matching
-Hot spot

A) A location that requires a disproportionate amount of police time and resources
B) Is related to fairness and focuses on the quality of treatment that citizens receive
C) Uses real-time crime analysis and incorporates intelligence analysis to aid in deployment of police
D) Aimed at deterring the small number of people involved in a disproportionate amount of gun violence
E) Emphasizes the focus on quality-of-life offenses
F) Recognizes that small proportions of individuals are involved in a disproportionate amount of crime
G) Clear and honest representation of practices
H) A proactive strategy based on crime and problem analysis
I) Focus on anticipating crimes
J) Targets the reduction of physical (e.g., graffiti) and social (e.g., prostitution) disorder to reduce serious crime

Question 53

Matching
-Intelligence-led policing

A) A location that requires a disproportionate amount of police time and resources
B) Is related to fairness and focuses on the quality of treatment that citizens receive
C) Uses real-time crime analysis and incorporates intelligence analysis to aid in deployment of police
D) Aimed at deterring the small number of people involved in a disproportionate amount of gun violence
E) Emphasizes the focus on quality-of-life offenses
F) Recognizes that small proportions of individuals are involved in a disproportionate amount of crime
G) Clear and honest representation of practices
H) A proactive strategy based on crime and problem analysis
I) Focus on anticipating crimes
J) Targets the reduction of physical (e.g., graffiti) and social (e.g., prostitution) disorder to reduce serious crime

Question 54

Matching
-Predictive policing

A) A location that requires a disproportionate amount of police time and resources
B) Is related to fairness and focuses on the quality of treatment that citizens receive
C) Uses real-time crime analysis and incorporates intelligence analysis to aid in deployment of police
D) Aimed at deterring the small number of people involved in a disproportionate amount of gun violence
E) Emphasizes the focus on quality-of-life offenses
F) Recognizes that small proportions of individuals are involved in a disproportionate amount of crime
G) Clear and honest representation of practices
H) A proactive strategy based on crime and problem analysis
I) Focus on anticipating crimes
J) Targets the reduction of physical (e.g., graffiti) and social (e.g., prostitution) disorder to reduce serious crime

Question 55

Matching
-Focused deterrence

A) A location that requires a disproportionate amount of police time and resources
B) Is related to fairness and focuses on the quality of treatment that citizens receive
C) Uses real-time crime analysis and incorporates intelligence analysis to aid in deployment of police
D) Aimed at deterring the small number of people involved in a disproportionate amount of gun violence
E) Emphasizes the focus on quality-of-life offenses
F) Recognizes that small proportions of individuals are involved in a disproportionate amount of crime
G) Clear and honest representation of practices
H) A proactive strategy based on crime and problem analysis
I) Focus on anticipating crimes
J) Targets the reduction of physical (e.g., graffiti) and social (e.g., prostitution) disorder to reduce serious crime