Question 1

Hypomanic episodes differ from manic episodes in that ...&#10;A) Fewer symptoms are required to diagnose a hypomanic episode.&#10;B) Hypomanic episodes are perceived as enjoyable.&#10;C) Hypomanic episodes have a shorter duration requirement for diagnosis.&#10;D) Hypomanic episodes are always accompanied by symptoms of depression.

Accepted Answer

C

Question 2

Which of the following would rule out a diagnosis of BD-II&#10;A) Comorbid ADHD symptoms.&#10;B) Suicidal ideation.&#10;C) Having been hospitalized for manic symptoms.&#10;D) Substance use.

Accepted Answer

Hospitalization for manic symptoms would rule out a diagnosis of Bipolar II Disorder (BD-II) because BD-II is characterized by episodes of hypomania (which are less severe than mania and do not require hospitalization) and depression, not full-blown manic episodes.

Question 3

Which of the following is the best description of the prognosis for individuals with BD-I?&#10;A) Most people experience extreme dysfunction during manic episodes, but are highly productive and successful otherwise.&#10;B) The majority of people experience significant impairment in work, social, and family functioning, however some of the individuals are able to function quite well&#10;C) Manic episodes tend to be times of high productivity and achievement, but depressive episodes tend to negate those gains.&#10;D) Most people have significant deficits in social and relationship functioning, but better than average work functioning and creativity.

Accepted Answer

The prognosis for individuals with Bipolar Disorder I (BD-I) varies widely. While the majority of people with BD-I experience significant impairment in various aspects of life, including work, social, and family functioning, there is a subset of individuals who are able to manage their symptoms effectively and function quite well. This variability in functioning underscores the complex nature of BD-I and the importance of individualized treatment approaches.

Question 4

Which of the following is not a component of &#34;expressed emotion&#34;?&#10;A) Affective flattening&#10;B) Criticism&#10;C) Hostility&#10;D) Emotional overinvolvement

Accepted Answer

Expressed emotion is a measure of the family environment that is based on how much criticism, hostility, and emotional overinvolvement are directed towards a person with a mental illness by their family members. Affective flattening, which refers to a lack of emotional expression, is not considered a component of expressed emotion but rather a symptom of some mental health conditions, such as schizophrenia.

Question 5

BD is primarily caused by environmental factors, such as stressful family environments.

Accepted Answer

BD, or Bipolar Disorder, is influenced by a combination of genetic and environmental factors, with genetics playing a significant role in its development.

Question 6

Brain regions most closely associated with the experience of emotions are part of the ...&#10;A) Prefrontal cortex&#10;B) Limbic system&#10;C) Basal Ganglia&#10;D) Temporal lobe

Accepted Answer

The limbic system is a complex set of structures found in the brain, including the amygdala, hippocampus, and parts of the thalamus. It is heavily involved in processing emotions, making it the most closely associated with the experience of emotions among the options given.

Question 7

Which of the following is one the main negatives of divalproex sodium (Depakote) treatmemt as compared with lithium?&#10;A) More significant side effects.&#10;B) No efficacy in controlling manic symptoms.&#10;C) Cannot be combined with other medication treatments.&#10;D) Not as effective at preventing relapse.

Accepted Answer

Divalproex sodium is generally considered less effective than lithium in preventing relapse in bipolar disorder, particularly in the long-term management of the condition.

Question 8

Which of the following was one of the conclusions of the STEP-BD study?&#10;A) Only CBT proved successful for treating depressive symptoms associated with BD.&#10;B) Psychotherapy cannot treat symptoms associated with BD.&#10;C) With intensive psychotherapeutic treatment, most individuals do not require medication.&#10;D) CBT, FFT, and IPSRT are relatively equivalent in their long term efficacy for the treatment of BD.

Accepted Answer

The STEP-BD study concluded that Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Family-Focused Therapy (FFT), and Interpersonal and Social Rhythm Therapy (IPSRT) are relatively equivalent in their long-term efficacy for treating bipolar disorder (BD), indicating that multiple forms of psychotherapy can be effective.

Question 9

Age of onset of mood disorders is getting younger in successive birth cohorts

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that more recent birth cohorts are experiencing the onset of mood disorders at younger ages compared to older cohorts, indicating a trend towards earlier age of onset in the population.

Question 10

More than 95% of persons diagnosed with BD have a lifetime history of other psychiatric disorder

Accepted Answer

Individuals diagnosed with Bipolar Disorder (BD) often have comorbid psychiatric conditions, with studies showing that a significant majority, indeed more than 95%, have at least one other lifetime psychiatric disorder.

Deck 8: Bipolar Disorders BD