Question 1

Posttraumatic stress disorder &#8230;&#10;A) &#8230; Is now considered an anxiety disorder in the DSM-5.&#10;B) &#8230; Is considered a disorder of nonrecovery from trauma.&#10;C) &#8230; Is more likely to occur after a natural disaster than in cases of sexual abuse.&#10;D) &#8230; Typically develops with significant delay after a traumatic event occurs.

Accepted Answer

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is conceptualized as a disorder of nonrecovery from trauma, reflecting the ongoing difficulties some individuals face in recovering from exposure to traumatic events. The DSM-5 categorizes PTSD under "Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders," not as an anxiety disorder. PTSD can occur after various types of trauma, and evidence suggests it is more likely to occur in cases of interpersonal violence, such as sexual abuse, than after natural disasters. While PTSD can develop with a delay after a traumatic event, this is not always the case; symptoms can also begin shortly after the event.

Question 2

The following life events could meet the seriousness requirement of a traumatic stressor, except:&#10;A) Learning that one's spouse was involved in a motor-vehicle accident.&#10;B) Being robbed at gunpoint.&#10;C) Exposure to authentic footage of war-time murders during the Holocaust.&#10;D) Hearing about the details of the murder of one's cousin.

Accepted Answer

C

Question 3

There is a dose-response relationship such that the more traumatic events one experiences, the more likely one will develop PTSD symptoms

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that experiencing a higher number of traumatic events increases the likelihood of developing Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms, indicating a dose-response relationship between trauma exposure and PTSD.

Question 4

Which of the following statements best describes the gender differences in PTSD?&#10;A) Men are more likely to carry a diagnosis of PTSD than women, due to their higher rates of overall exposure to lifetime trauma.&#10;B) Rape is more likely to cause PTSD in women than in men.&#10;C) Recent studies with war veterans suggest no gender differences in overall number of traumatic events or in rates of PTSD.

Accepted Answer

Recent studies with war veterans suggest no gender differences in overall number of traumatic events or in rates of PTSD.

Question 5

Disruptions in cognition and memory are at the core of PTSD pathology. Which of the following are examples of this phenomenon?
I) Involuntary intrusive memories related to the traumatic event.
Ii) Thought suppression.
Iii) Beliefs about the self as being incompetent.
Iv) Hyperorganized and detailed narratives about the traumatic experience.

A) i and ii
B) i, ii, and iv
C) i, ii, and iii
D) ii, iii, and iv

Accepted Answer

Involuntary intrusive memories (i) and thought suppression (ii) are direct disruptions in cognition and memory associated with PTSD. Beliefs about the self as being incompetent (iii) can also be linked to these disruptions, as negative self-perception can be a result of altered cognition and memory related to the trauma. Hyperorganized and detailed narratives (iv) are not typically associated with PTSD pathology; rather, individuals with PTSD may have fragmented or disorganized memories of the trauma.

Question 6

All of the following factors or processes are thought to play a role in the maintenance of PTSD, except:&#10;A) Avoidance of stimuli associated with the traumatic event.&#10;B) Retraumatization from retelling the story of the traumatic event.&#10;C) Negative emotions such as anger, shame, guilt, hopelessness, fear, and anxiety.&#10;D) Lack of social support.

Accepted Answer

Retraumatization from retelling the story of the traumatic event is not universally considered a factor in the maintenance of PTSD. In fact, exposure therapy, which involves confronting and processing traumatic memories, is a common and effective treatment for PTSD. This suggests that, under controlled conditions, retelling the story may actually aid in recovery rather than maintaining the disorder.

Question 7

Although more time-consuming, diagnostic interviews are considered to be a more valid diagnostic strategy for assessing PTSD than self-report measures alone.

Accepted Answer

Diagnostic interviews are considered more valid because they allow for a comprehensive assessment by a trained professional, who can evaluate the context and severity of symptoms, ensuring a more accurate diagnosis than self-report measures alone, which can be influenced by the respondent's current state, self-awareness, and willingness to report symptoms.

Question 8

Which of the following factors is the least important to consider in assessing for and treating PTSD:&#10;A) Gender&#10;B) Cormorbid disorders&#10;C) Additional life stressors&#10;D) Personality factors&#10;E) Social support

Accepted Answer

Gender is considered the least important factor among the options provided when assessing for and treating PTSD. While it's acknowledged that PTSD can manifest differently across genders, the other factors listed (comorbid disorders, additional life stressors, personality factors, and social support) have a more direct impact on the severity of PTSD symptoms and the effectiveness of treatment.

Question 9

Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) has the most evidence for successfully treating PTSD. Which of the following therapies fall under this theoretical umbrella?
I) Prolonged Exposure (PE)
Ii) Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT)
Iii) Emotion-Focused Coping (EFC)
Iv) Stress Inoculation Therapy (SIT)

A) i and ii
B) i, ii, and iv
C) i, ii, and iii
D) ii, iii, and iv

Accepted Answer

Prolonged Exposure (PE), Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT), and Stress Inoculation Therapy (SIT) are all forms of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) that have been shown to be effective in treating PTSD. Emotion-Focused Coping (EFC) is not typically classified under CBT.

Question 10

Psychotherapy works with most people who suffer from PTSD and some medications can provide additional relief for symptoms. However, treatment can be complicated by the following factors:&#10;A) Substance abuse and dependence.&#10;B) Severe depression.&#10;C) High dropout rates in therapy.&#10;D) All of the above.

Accepted Answer

All of the factors listed - substance abuse and dependence, severe depression, and high dropout rates in therapy - can complicate the treatment of PTSD, making "All of the above" the correct choice.

Question 11

PTSD has the highest and most diverse rate of comorbid disorders, with the most frequent comorbid disorder being:&#10;A) Alcohol abuse/dependence&#10;B) Major depressive disorder&#10;C) Generalized anxiety disorder&#10;D) Panic disorder

Accepted Answer

The answer of PTSD has the highest and most diverse...

Question 12

Which of the following brain regions has been implicated in PTSD?&#10;A) Amygdala&#10;B) Medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC)&#10;C) Anterior cingulate cortex (ACC)&#10;D) Hippocampus&#10;E) All of the above

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following brain regions has...

Question 13

Which of the following events has been shown to most likely result in PTSD amongst both men and women?&#10;A) War combat&#10;B) Rape&#10;C) Assault&#10;D) Motor-vehicle accident

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following events has been...

Deck 6: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD