Question 1

Which of the following is not a common feature of panic attacks?&#10;A) Discrete onset&#10;B) Rapid peaking&#10;C) Intense fear or discomfort&#10;D) Fainting

Accepted Answer

Fainting is not a common feature of panic attacks. Panic attacks typically involve sudden onset, rapid escalation within minutes, and intense fear or discomfort, but not usually fainting. Fainting (syncope) is more related to a decrease in blood flow to the brain, whereas panic attacks are primarily psychological events, although they can lead to physical symptoms.

Question 2

Which of the following distinguishes panic attacks in PD from panic attacks associated with other anxiety disorders?&#10;A) They are &#34;full-blown&#34; panic attacks.&#10;B) They cause the individual to develop persistent apprehension about having another panic attack.&#10;C) During the panic attack, individuals feel like they might lose control or go crazy.&#10;D) The panic attacks are not responsive to benzodiazepine treatment.

Accepted Answer

Panic Disorder (PD) is characterized by recurrent unexpected panic attacks and persistent concern or worry about additional panic attacks or their consequences, which distinguishes it from panic attacks in other anxiety disorders.

Question 3

Which of the following is not a type of panic attack discussed in the article?&#10;A) Nocturnal panic attacks&#10;B) Noncognitive panic attacks&#10;C) Rational panic attacks&#10;D) Limited symptom panic attacks

Accepted Answer

Rational panic attacks are not recognized as a type of panic attack. Panic attacks are typically characterized by their sudden onset and irrational nature, making the concept of a "rational" panic attack contradictory to the general understanding of what panic attacks entail.

Question 4

Which of the following is the best example of a safety behavior?&#10;A) Seeing a physician to rule out physiological causes of panic attacks when starting CBT treatment&#10;B) Carrying around an empty benzodiazepine pill bottle&#10;C) Counting to a certain number every time the phone rings&#10;D) A patient calling his child's school to make sure nothing has happened to the child

Accepted Answer

Safety behaviors are actions taken to prevent feared outcomes and reduce anxiety, often maintaining anxiety disorders. Carrying an empty benzodiazepine pill bottle is a safety behavior as it provides a false sense of security without addressing the underlying anxiety.

Question 5

The fears of people with agoraphobia differ from the fears of individuals with PD in that &#8230;&#10;A) The fears are more frequently felt in agoraphobia.&#10;B) Individuals with agoraphobia fear incapacitating symptoms rather than panic attacks themselves.&#10;C) Fears in agoraphobia are less realistic than fears in PD.&#10;D) Individuals with agoraphobia lack awareness of the content of their fears.

Accepted Answer

Individuals with agoraphobia fear situations from which escape might be difficult or in which help might not be available in the event of having a panic attack or panic-like symptoms, rather than fearing the panic attacks themselves. This contrasts with Panic Disorder (PD), where the primary fear is of the panic attacks themselves.

Question 6

In studies of community samples, agoraphobia is almost always accompanied by a history of a full-blown panic attack or panic-like symptoms.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In studies of community samples, agoraphobia is...

Question 7

Interoceptive avoidance is &#8230;&#10;A) Avoidance that the patient is aware of.&#10;B) Avoidance of open spaces and public transit.&#10;C) Avoidance of talking about panic symptoms.&#10;D) Avoidance of certain bodily sensations and internal states.

Accepted Answer

Interoceptive avoidance refers to the avoidance of activities, places, or behaviors that might trigger uncomfortable bodily sensations or internal states, often related to anxiety or panic disorders. This can include avoiding exercise due to fear of increased heart rate or avoiding caffeine to prevent jitteriness.

Question 8

Which of the following does not increase the risk for the development of PD?&#10;A) Childhood trauma&#10;B) Respiratory illness in family members&#10;C) Insecure early attachment&#10;D) Increased heart rate variability

Accepted Answer

Increased heart rate variability is generally considered a sign of good autonomic nervous system function and is not associated with an increased risk for Parkinson's disease (PD). In contrast, factors like childhood trauma and insecure early attachment have been linked to higher risks of developing various health conditions, including potentially PD, due to their impact on stress and neurodevelopment. Respiratory illness in family members is not directly linked to PD risk.

Question 9

Which of the following is probably the most effective component of CBT for PD?&#10;A) Exposure exercises&#10;B) Relaxation and breathing training&#10;C) Psychoeducation&#10;D) Cognitive restructuring

Accepted Answer

Exposure exercises are considered the most effective component of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) for Panic Disorder (PD) because they directly confront and reduce the fear of panic attacks by gradually exposing the patient to the sensations of panic in a controlled and systematic way, helping them learn to tolerate these sensations without fear.

Question 10

What is the primary drawback of pharmacological treatment of PD?&#10;A) Low treatment adherence rates&#10;B) Relapse on discontinuation of treatment&#10;C) High cost&#10;D) Long delay before onset of clinical action

Accepted Answer

Pharmacological treatment of Parkinson's Disease (PD) often leads to relapse or worsening of symptoms upon discontinuation, as these treatments manage symptoms rather than cure the disease.

Question 11

A major form of CBT for PD treatment is?&#10;A) Clark's cognitive therapy for panic disorder&#10;B) Barlow and Craske's panic control treatment (PCT)&#10;C) Both a and b.&#10;D) Neither of the above

Accepted Answer

The answer of A major form of CBT for PD...

Question 12

According to family studies, the heritability of PD accounts for approximately what percentage of the variance in PD?&#10;A) 50 to 60%&#10;B) 10 to 20%&#10;C) 45 to 55%&#10;D) 30 to 40%

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to family studies, the heritability of...

Question 13

Which of the following types of avoidance can be characterized as experiential avoidance?&#10;A) Safety behaviors&#10;B) Interoceptive avoidance&#10;C) Distraction behaviors&#10;D) Both b and c.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following types of avoidance...

Deck 3: Panic Disorder PD