Deck 3: Victims of Crime

Question 1

What philosophy does the term lex talionis refer to?

A) a crime victim as an innocent
B) an eye for an eye
C) victimology
D) the need to compensate victims for losses due to crime

Answer 1

B

Question 2

What is the study of the various types of harm people suffer as a result of crime called?

A) victim-impact
B) victimology
C) criminal justice
D) restorative justice

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of the following do not directly assist crime victims?

A) police officers
B) attorneys
C) victimologists
D) mental health professionals

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which is a criticism of the study of victimization?

A) It encourages a culture of victimhood.
B) There are too many victims.
C) Victims do not need restitution.
D) Not all crimes have victims.

Question 5

Which of the following sources of data does not record much information on the effect of crime on victims?

A) Uniform Crime Reports
B) National Crime Victimization Survey
C) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
D) National Violent Death Reporting System

Question 6

Which is not true about the National Crime Victimization Survey?

A) It collects statistics on non-fatal violent and property victimizations against people age 12 and older.
B) It looks at the entire U.S. population.
C) It measures rape, sexual assault, robbery, aggravated assault, simple assault, household burglary, motor vehicle theft, and personal theft.
D) It records offenses that are both reported and not reported to police.

Question 7

Which is true according to the NCVS?

A) Males have a higher rate of violent victimization than females.
B) Females have a higher rate of violent victimization than males.
C) It is impossible to separately measure victimization rates of males and females.
D) Males and females have equal victimization rates.

Question 8

Which person is most likely to be a crime victim?

A) a 23-year-old
B) a 43-year-old
C) a 63-year-old
D) an 83-year-old

Question 9

Which person is most likely to be afraid of crime?

A) a 23-year-old
B) a 43-year-old
C) a 63-year-old
D) an 83-year-old

Question 10

Which of these establishes and enforces the rights of crime victims in federal criminal proceedings by allowing victims to be heard at public proceedings about offender release, pleas, or sentencing?

A) Crime Victims' Rights Act
B) Victims of Crime Justice Act
C) The Justice for All Act
D) Anti-Crime Act

Question 11

Who is the most likely murder victim?

A) a black male
B) a white male
C) a white female
D) a black female

Question 12

Which best applies to the new FBI definition of rape?

A) It is gender-neutral.
B) It specifies that the victim is a female.
C) It does not require actual carnal knowledge.
D) It considers that the victim tried to fight off the attacker

Question 13

Regarding child rape and sexual abuse, which best describes federal statistics?

A) They significantly overestimate the actual occurrence of these offenses.
B) They estimate the occurrence of these offenses fairly accurately.
C) They underestimate the actual occurrence of these offenses.
D) They slightly overestimate the actual occurrence of these offenses.

Question 14

According to the U.S. Supreme Court...

A) ... the death penalty is a constitutionally acceptable sanction for raping a child.
B) ... the death penalty is unconstitutional for the rape of a child.
C) ... capital punishment may be imposed in child-rape cases that involve serious physical injury to the child.
D) ... a sentence of capital punishment is acceptable in cases of aggravated child rape.

Question 15

What is the primary motivation for most robbers?

A) controlling their victims
B) the excitement of the offense
C) cash or other valuable items
D) sexual thrills

Question 16

According to one study, which of the following types of victim do robbers prefer?

A) an elderly person walking alone
B) a drug dealer or drug buyer
C) an unaccompanied female
D) a black male walking alone

Question 17

Assaults are generally divided into two categories:

A) sexual and simple
B) battery and simple
C) violent and simple
D) aggravated and simple

Question 18

Who is the most likely victim in a simple assault perpetrated by a youth?

A) another adolescent
B) an adult
C) an elderly person
D) a pet

Question 19

Intimate-partner violence has a particularly strong connection to this.

A) economic hardship
B) gender
C) race
D) marital status

Question 20

Which offense involves no force or threat of force against victims?

A) burglary
B) motor-vehicle theft
C) arson
D) larceny/theft

Question 21

Why is victim-offender mediation a realistic scenario for the resolution of property offenses?

A) It is more likely that the offender will pay restitution.
B) The victim gets a chance to rebuke the offender.
C) Property offenses are less serious than violent offenses.
D) Property offenses are less numerous than violent offenses.

Question 22

Which is the first step in murder as a situated transaction?

A) The victim made a move the offender thought was offensive.
B) The offender made a move the victim though was offensive.
C) The offender made a verbal or physical challenge to the victim.
D) Observers help to determine the offender's actions in ending the scene.

Question 23

Which term refers to when a victim plays an active role in initiating or escalating a criminal offense?

A) victim mediation
B) victim precipitation
C) self-victimization
D) auto-victimization

Question 24

Macro-victimization includes all but which of the following?

A) terrorism
B) robbery
C) environmental crime
D) crimes against humanity

Question 25

Which of the following is not included in the definition of crimes against humanity?

A) enforced prostitution
B) enforced sterilization
C) extermination
D) war

Question 26

Which best applies to crimes against humanity?

A) They are typically state sponsored.
B) They are committed against members of an enemy's military forces.
C) They are typically committed by individual offenders acting on their own.
D) They generally involve corporate victimization

Question 27

The Nazi atrocities during World War II are an example of this.

A) terrorism victimization
B) crimes against humanity
C) corporate victimization
D) street crimes

Question 28

Which of the following is an example of micro-victimization?

A) a large-scale financial crime that impoverishes thousands of people
B) a murder in San Francisco
C) the systematic murder and rape of a particular ethnic group
D) the spillage of crude oil off the coast of Alaska

Question 29

Which of the following is not one of the four major violent victimizations typified by the FBI?

A) murder
B) arson
C) robbery
D) assault

Question 30

This involves taking something from another person by force or threat of force.

A) robbery
B) burglary
C) theft
D) embezzlement

Question 31

Transnational crime often resembles this.

A) homicide
B) violent street crime
C) domestic organized crime
D) minor property crime

Question 32

Which of the following is not one of the three major needs of crime victims?

A) The need to know what comes next
B) The need to express emotions
C) The need to feel safe
D) The need for restitution

Question 33

When does secondary victimization occur?

A) as a result of the legal proceedings that may follow criminal victimization
B) when the offender targets the same victim a second time
C) if a different offender targets the victim
D) when insurance companies fail to reimburse eligible victims for losses resulting from a criminal victimization

Question 34

Which is an especially important element in the prevention of secondary victimization?

A) the police
B) the judge
C) the prosecutor
D) the defense attorney

Question 35

To whom does the Crime Victims' Rights Act apply?

A) victims of federal offenses
B) victims of violent offenses
C) victims of felonies
D) all victims

Question 36

These programs may pay some of a victim's offense-related expenses.

A) Victims' rights compliance
B) Victim retribution
C) Crime victim compensation
D) Impact statement

Question 37

This practice tries to resolve some offenses through cooperation of the victim, the offender, and the criminal justice system.

A) victim compensation
B) restorative justice
C) retribution
D) deterrence

Question 38

Which of the following is not a reason why restitution is increasing in popularity?

A) Concern for victims is increasing.
B) Restitution is an alternative to incarceration.
C) Most victims ask for restitution.
D) Justice is expensive.

Question 39

Discuss the concept of "secondary victimization." Why does it occur? Who is affected by it? Who is causing the harm in a secondary victimization?

Question 40

What is restitution? Why is it becoming more popular?

Question 41

List and define the three main categories of macro-victimization. How does macro-victimization differ from street crime victimization?

Question 42

Explain the concept of murder as a situated transaction. What is the pattern that appears in many murders? Why are victimologists interested in the idea of situated transactions?

Question 43

What is victim precipitation? How does it differ from provocation? How does it differ from "victim blaming?"