Deck 8: Work, Inequality, and Neoliberalism

Question 1

How does the gender earning gap explain the thousands of dollars of lost wages for women and their families?

Answer 1

(on p. 231)

Question 2

Why do women rarely occupy highest positions within corporations in the United States?

Answer 2

(on pp. 238-239)

Question 3

Define the term globalization. Why hasn't globalization led to a greater distribution of wealth or rise in social mobility worldwide?

Answer 3

(on pp. 254-255)

Question 4

What is the monetary value of "unpaid workers"? How does unpaid work function as a concealed subsidy for governments and businesses?

Question 5

Why are family leave policies vital to achieving equal opportunities for women?

Question 6

Define the economic concept "new international division of labor." How do the maquiladoras and textile factories in Korea epitomize this economic development?

Question 7

Why has the Sumangali system in India been compared by its critics to modern-day slavery?

Question 8

Explain how neoliberalism and globalization are often perceived as directly interconnected.

Question 9

Why do women worldwide still do more unpaid work and work longer hours than men, completing paid and unpaid labor? Explain how contemporary women's unpaid labor globally receives no socio-economic recognition, thus regarded as invisible?

Question 10

How can the selection of a college major for women justify some but not all of the gender earnings gap?

Question 11

Define the expression "new male mystique." Explain how this term represents a pun based on feminist activist Betty Freidan's famous book The Feminine Mystique, and why do so many men today feel conflicted about their contributions and paternal role in in their family lives?

Question 12

Why is "part-time pay penalty" higher for women than men?

Question 13

Explain why transnational feminist Chandra Mohanty asserts that neoliberal policies resulted in recolonization of the lives and bodies of women of color?

Question 14

What is the "motherhood penalty" in Western nations? What major factor(s) account for it in American society and how does it affect women of color specifically?

Question 15

Define the term "environmental racism." Why is it so toxic to the health and welfare of people of color in the United States and the Global South?

Question 16

Define the concept of the "race to the bottom." How has it been instrumental in fostering the rise of informal and trafficked labor globally?

Question 17

How do men play an extensive role in the gender wage gap? As women's careers advance, why does the gender wage gap expand?

Question 18

Why do women and men experience occupational segregation worldwide? How does sex segregation in employment affect women within specific racial and ethnic groups?

Question 19

What is the "fatherhood premium?" How does it contribute to the gender earnings gap over the course of women's and men's lives?

Question 20

Explain how the gender pay gap is not solely a "women's problem" but a "work problem"? Why do LGBT people also endure important earnings disparities?

Question 21

What percentage of women are in the management workforce?

A) 38
B) 42
C) 12
D) 24
E) 17

Question 22

Where was the Rana Plaza garment factory located?

A) Mumbai, India
B) Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
C) Ciudad Júarez, Mexico
D) Shenzhen, China
E) Dhaka, Bangladesh

Question 23

How many African American women were employed at the Kaiser Shipyards in Richmond, CA during World War II?

A) 380
B) 500
C) 1000
D) 1200
E) 900

Question 24

Which nation has a paternity quota?

A) Norway
B) Finland
C) The Netherlands
D) Germany
E) Denmark

Question 25

Which female writer stated in the first issue of Ms. Magazine, "I want a wife"?

A) Dorothy Pitman Hughes
B) Gloria Steinmen
C) Jane O'Reilly
D) Judy Syfers
E) Letty Cottin Pogrebin

Question 26

Which publication first mentioned the phrase "glass ceiling"?

A) The New York Times
B) The Wall Street Journal
C) The Economist
D) The New York Post
E) The Village Voice

Question 27

Which group compromises the majority of the Sumangali workers in India?

A) The Shudras
B) The Vaishyas
C) The Hela
D) The Kshatriyas
E) The Dalits

Question 28

Which nation has no national family leave policy?

A) Belgium
B) United States
C) Benin
D) Chile
E) Mozambique

Question 29

What percentage of women constitute the position of chief executive officers in the U.S.?

A) Less than 5 percent
B) 10 percent
C) Over 5 percent
D) More than 10 percent
E) 5-10 percent

Question 30

In 1985, what percentage of computer science degrees were awarded to American college women?

A) 26
B) 11
C) 37
D) 42
E) 18

Question 31

Identify the person who made this comment: "Gendered perceptions about men's roles, abilities and skills privilege them and facilitate their advancement."

A) Barbara Ehrenreich
B) Stephanie Coontz
C) Kathryn Edin
D) Adia Harvey Wingfield
E) Bonnie Thornton Dill

Question 32

When was the ban on women serving in ground combat units in the U.S. Armed Forces rescinded?

A) 2010
B) 2013
C) 2012
D) 2016
E) 1999

Question 33

What was the name of the iconic, popular American image representing women factory workers during World War II?

A) Government Girls
B) Rosie to the Rescue
C) Munitionettes
D) Wendy the Welder
E) Rosie the Riveter

Question 34

In the Global South, women average how many hours dedicated to domestic work per day?

A) 8
B) 4
C) 5
D) 9
E) 6

Question 35

In which country is the percentage of women in the work force continuing to decline?

A) The United States
B) Australia
C) France
D) Germany
E) Japan

Question 36

In which one of the following countries are maquiladoras located?

A) Colombia
B) Uruguay
C) Bolivia
D) Mexico
E) Dominican Republic

Question 37

Which one of the following institutions promotes neoliberalism?

A) Economic Policy Institute
B) World Trade Organization
C) World Fair Trade Organization
D) World Social Forum
E) The Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development

Question 38

Identity the person who made this statement: "How ironic that the measure we call gross domestic product excludes the value of most domestic work."

A) Alice Eagly
B) Francine Blau
C) Linda Carli
D) Lawrence Kahn
E) Nancy Folbre

Question 39

In 2018, what was the federal minimum wage in the United States?

A) $15.00
B) $2.65
C) $7.25
D) $5.50
E) $9.25

Question 40

What percentage of men are in the nursing field in the U.S.?

A) 10
B) 16
C) 5
D) 8
E) 12

Question 41

Which one of the following cities raised its minimum wage to 15 dollars an hour?

A) Atlanta
B) Tampa
C) Philadelphia
D) Chicago
E) St. Louis

Question 42

When was Kathleen Hall Jamieson denied a fellowship because she was about to be married?

A) 1967
B) 1989
C) 1970
D) 1981
E) 1995

Question 43

What percentage of minimum wage workers are adults today?

A) 20
B) 35
C) 90
D) 64
E) 50

Question 44

Increased unionization among women workers, relative to their male counterparts, has prevented the closing of the gender gap.

Question 45

Under neoliberalism, the World Bank usually refuses loan requests from many nations in the Global South for improvements in their infrastructure such as factories and roads.

Question 46

A valuable strategy for women to reduce the gender earnings gap with men is learning how to negotiate for their salaries.

Question 47

Occupational segregation decreased sharply from the 1990s to 2000s.

Question 48

In traditionally male-dominated professional fields such as STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Math), the gender pay gap is greater than in the labor force as a whole.

Question 49

In lower-paying and less high-status employment, women are often overrepresented in the middle and bottom of the same occupational domain as men.

Question 50

Part-time pay for women does not reinforce the belief that they are less sincere about their work commitment than men.

Question 51

Maquiladoras are located in the Global North and are known for favorable working conditions.

Question 52

During WWII, the childcare centers at the Kaiser shipyards in Portland, Oregon were open only 12 hours a day, five days a week, and they cost workers 1.00 dollar a day.

Question 53

Latinx women and men are least likely to be employed in the same occupation.