Deck 7: Embodiment, Beauty, and the Viewer

Question 1

What historic social, cultural, and political factors gave rise to the popularity of the "Black is Beautiful" movement in the United States?

Answer 1

(on pp. 199-203)

Question 2

Describe the depiction of the "Retributive Man" character in 1980s Hollywood films. How does it personify the social-cultural and political crisis of masculinity in American society that persists today?

Answer 2

(on pp. 213-214)

Question 3

Why are people who fail to fit the beauty ideal sometimes identified as "exotic"?

Answer 3

(on p. 217)

Question 4

How does expensive fashion styles exemplify a means to demonstrate affluence and power?

Question 5

Define the term objectification. How does it apply a new trend in visual imagery that portrays men as sexual rather than active objects?

Question 6

Explain what socioeconomic, political, and cultural influences account for the historical shift toward the idea of an unassuming fashion style as a symbol of masculinity called "the great masculine renunciation?"

Question 7

How are body images in visual media constructed to produce fragmentation or the diminution of a person to a specific human body part?

Question 8

What cultural, political, and social developments inspired a degree of democratization in contemporary beauty ideals?

Question 9

How do we define the term aesthetics in relationship to social behavior?

Question 10

Define the term commodification in viewing gendered bodies. Why do some scholars argue that commodification is not always negative while others insist that it denigrates humankind and remains offensive?

Question 11

Explain what key element(s) led to the popularity of the "Ally McBeal effect" in young women's body shape during the 1990s.

Question 12

Who was the Gibson Girl? Why was she regarded in the public as the epitome of the "New Woman" image of the 1890s?

Question 13

Why is Jennifer López known as a "supernova" and "crossover" celebrity?

Question 14

Who was Anna May Wong and why was she regarded as glamorous and exotic in the Hollywood film industry?

Question 15

Why did film historian Donald Bogle contend that actor Sidney Poitier embodied the perfect representation for the "integrationist age" in American history?

Question 16

Explain why the 1980s represents the return of the Hourglass Look?

Question 17

Describe the "flapper" in 1920s' American culture. Explain how the emergence of the "flapper" was seen a symbol of liberation and prosperity in American society?

Question 18

Who was Bruce Lee? How did his film characters symbolize a more nuanced image of masculinity than previously depicted by white Hollywood male stars during the 1970s?

Question 19

How did the "politics of respectability" define African American women's relationship to social mores, fashion, and beauty standards during the 1890s?

Question 20

According to sociologist Thorstein Veblen, how does class status and power determine what is stylish in relation to attire and body shape?

Question 21

Which actress was known by the nickname "The dusky Clara Bow"?

A) Fredi Washington
B) Lucia Lynn Moses
C) Lena Horne
D) Iris Hall
E) Nina Mickinney

Question 22

Who epitomized a popular runway model type called the "glamazon super model" during the 1990s?

A) Iman
B) Naomi Campbell
C) Paulina Porizkova
D) Carol Alt
E) Cindy Crawford

Question 23

Which period was known for the postwar New Look?

A) Between 1944 and 1954
B) Between 1946 and 1950
C) Between 1945 and 1948
D) Between 1947 and 1955
E) Between 1949 and 1952

Question 24

Which actress exemplified the "mature, classical" beauty of the 1930s?

A) Greta Garbo
B) Katharine Hepburn
C) Carole Lombard
D) Rosalind Russell
E) Mary Pickford

Question 25

Which athlete epitomized the youthful, muscular male image popularized during the 1890s?

A) Cy Young
B) Louis Chevrolet
C) Eugene Sandow
D) Alfred Hajós
E) John McGraw

Question 26

Who created the drawings for the Arrow Collar Man from 1907 to 1931?

A) Charles Dana Gibson
B) Maxfield Parrish
C) Thomas Nast
D) Arthur Rackham
E) Joseph Christian Leyendecker
F) Harrison Fisher

Question 27

What was the name of the character that actress Christina Hendricks played on the cable network AMC television series Mad Men?

A) Rachel Katz
B) Joan Harris
C) Peggy Olson
D) Betty Francis
E) Megan Draper

Question 28

Who first coined the term "metrosexual"?

A) Tom Ford
B) Matt Drudge
C) David Arquette
D) Mark Simpson
E) Michael Kors

Question 29

Which Latina actress has been credited as being Hollywood's first Latina star?

A) Katy Jurado
B) María Félix
C) Myrtle González
D) Rita Moreno
E) Linda Darnell

Question 30

Who said this statement: "There is no totally natural or neutral body-even the naked body reflects the culture to which it belongs?"

A) Marianne Thesander
B) Benoît Lamarche
C) Nicholas Chare
D) Deb Bugard
E) Per Bjorntorpe

Question 31

What television show made the "bronzed beach look" popular during the 1970s?

A) The Love Boat
B) Fantasy Island
C) Hawaii Five-O
D) The American Girls
E) Charlie's Angels

Question 32

Where was Sarah Baartman from?

A) The city of Durban in South Africa
B) Cape Colony in South Africa
C) Lesotho in Southern Africa
D) Port Elizabeth in South Africa
E) The Bushveld in South Africa

Question 33

What Vietnam War related film did Sylvester Stallone star in during the 1980s?

A) Hamburger Hill
B) Uncommon Valor
C) Platoon
D) Rambo: First Blood II
E) Causalities of War

Question 34

Who said this comment: "Black is beautiful didn't overcome everything."

A) Pearl Marsh
B) Alice Walker
C) Ella Baker
D) Angela Davis
E) Oprah Winfrey

Question 35

Which slim male celebrity appeared on People magazine list of the sexiest man alive within the period from 2000 to 2015?

A) Matt Damon
B) Patrick Swayze
C) Jude Law
D) Blake Shelton
E) George Clooney

Question 36

Which person referred to male models in the Calvin Klein underwear campaigns as "leaners"?

A) Lauren Milligan
B) Susan Cokal
C) Myra Mendible
D) Erica Berman
E) Susan Bordo

Question 37

Which famous Mexican actress was regarded as a part of the "Latin invasion" in Hollywood during the 1930s?

A) Elena Sánchez Valenzuela
B) Dolores del Río
C) Sara Montiel
D) Andrea Palma
E) Lupita Tovar

Question 38

Which company sells one of the most expensive women's high-heeled shoes in the world?

A) Gucci
B) Stewart Weitzman
C) Tory Burch
D) Manolo Blahnik
E) Kate Spade

Question 39

Who made this statement: "Most people desperately want to be of use to others, and they come to understand themselves partly through their uses?"

A) Leslie Green
B) Karen Stabiner
C) Evangelia Papadaki
D) Sandra Bartky
E) Deana Rohlinger

Question 40

Which Hollywood movie star during the 1950s personified the "masculine ideal" reminiscent of an earlier, popular "broad-shouldered" image of the Arrow Collar Man?

A) Clark Gable
B) James Dean
C) Cary Grant
D) Tony Curtis
E) Tyrone Power

Question 41

In which prehistoric era did the limestone carving Venus of Willendorf appear?

A) 25,000 BCE
B) 3000 BCE
C) 14,000 BCE
D) 43,000 BCE
E) 9, 5000 BCE

Question 42

Which actor was promoted as the "black Valentino" to African American filmgoers by director Oscar Micheaux during the 1920s?

A) Noble Johnson
B) Bert Williams
C) George H. Reed
D) Spencer Bell
E) Lorenzo Tucker

Question 43

Who was nicknamed "Twiggy" because of her moniker short hair and dress?

A) Jean Shrimpton
B) Lesley Hornby
C) Tania Mallet
D) Sandra Howard
E) Jill Kennington

Question 44

Who wrote the book The Theory of the Leisure Class?

A) Max Weber
B) Theodor Adorno
C) Jürgen Habermas
D) Thorstein Veblen
E) Talcott Parsons

Question 45

What male model was the first to appear in Calvin Klein's underwear advertising campaign in 1982?

A) Bruce Hulse
B) Bob Menna
C) Tom Hintnaus
D) Michael Flinn
E) Tony Ward

Question 46

Laura Mulvey's feminist film theory "the male gaze" represents a significant development in the evolution of visual media theories.

Question 47

During the Black Power movement the natural hairstyle now known as the Afro was derided by its leadership.

Question 48

Lena Horne starred opposite Paul Robeson in the film Emperor Jones.

Question 49

The HAES (Health at Every Size) movement advocates an end to weight bias.

Question 50

The 1970s signified the first time that non-European models of beauty could be viewed as beautiful.

Question 51

Model Tyson Beckford, the epitome of the metrosexual image of the 1990s, is a Jamaican of Lebanese and Chinese ancestry.

Question 52

During the 1880s, actress Lillian Russell personified the image of the ideal beauty with her hourglass figure.

Question 53

Rita Hayworth's career during the 1940s exemplifies the era of "invisibility" for Latin actors in Hollywood.

Question 54

Black women who participated in SNCC (Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee) during the Civil Rights Movement assiduously straightened their hair with chemicals to emphasize their propriety to black Southern communities.

Question 55

The "waif look" during the 1990s was typified by the model Kate Moss.