Deck 3: Intergovernmental Organizations: Sites of Global Governance

Question 1

The World Bank, the United Nations, and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change are example of ______.

A) intragovernmental organizations
B) intragovernmental pacts
C) intergovernmental organizations
D) intergovernmental pacts

Answer 1

C

Question 2

______ holds to the philosophy that "might makes right" and power is the currency of international relations.

A) Realism
B) Liberalism
C) Constructivism
D) Critical theory

Answer 2

A

Question 3

In international agreements, powerful states rather than the agreement itself hold the power, this reflects which perspective?

A) constructivism
B) liberalism
C) realism
D) critical theory

Answer 3

C

Question 4

When states join IGOs as an act of free choice rather than coercion and view cooperation between rulers as commonplace despite occasional failures, this is an example of ______.

A) constructivism
B) realism
C) liberalism
D) critical theory

Question 5

Mutually beneficial interaction with other states is the foundation of which perspective?

A) critical theory
B) liberalism
C) constructivism
D) realism

Question 6

Which perspective plays down the importance of material things like weapons or money and emphasizes instead nonmaterial forces in life such as identity and norms?

A) constructivism
B) liberalism
C) realism
D) critical theory

Question 7

Human rights, both in terms of "why do some states promote human rights" and "what effects do breaking human rights have on your international relationships," is a real-world application of which perspective?

A) liberalism
B) constructivism
C) realism
D) critical theory

Question 8

Alongside ______, ______, and ______, IGOs are major actors in our world.

A) states; businesses; civic society
B) leaders; corporations; NGOs
C) civil society; states; multinational corporations
D) NGOs; leaders; civil society

Question 9

Since the end of World War II, the number of IGOs in the world has increased more than ______-fold.

A) three
B) four
C) five
D) six

Question 10

IGOs can develop greater knowledge and expertise than the states, thereby rendering the IGOs autonomous from the states, such as the European Union. This is an example of ______.

A) state decay
B) institutional evolution
C) realism
D) functionalism

Question 11

The United Nations is known as the "conscience of the world" because ______.

A) it is the only place where tensions relating to global interactions get mediated
B) it brings states together in neutral venues and gives civil society actors a platform to speak
C) it is the only IGO allowed to maintain peace in many countries
D) it has a budget in the billions, thousands of employees, and offices in every country

Question 12

The United Nations' initial purpose was to enhance ______.

A) political cooperation and provide a more robust security arrangement to prevent another World War
B) political cooperation and provide a more robust security arrangement than the League of Nations
C) economic cooperation and provide a more robust security arrangement to prevent global conflict
D) economic cooperation and provide a more robust security arrangement than the failed League of Nations

Question 13

Critiques that the United Nations is a Western or imperial imposition on nonnuclear, nonindustrialized countries can be countered by ______.

A) recalling that 65% of countries present at the creation of the UN Charter were from what is called the "Global South"
B) reminding the critic that all countries are invited to join the UN
C) telling the critic that by the 1960s, the minority of UN members were nonindustrial, recently colonized, and offered counter-narratives about global power
D) recalling that countries from the "Global South" get proportional representation in the UN councils

Question 14

The bulk of the United Nations' activities occur in which section?

A) Security Council
B) Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC)
C) General Assembly
D) Secretariat

Question 15

Although the UN General Assembly cannot pass binding resolutions, it does find power in being able to ______.

A) control budgets for UN agencies and peacekeeping operations
B) refer states to other regional IGOs
C) appoint judges to the ECJ
D) appoint nonpermanent members to the Secretariat

Question 16

Who are the permanent members of the UN Security Council?

A) Japan, Germany, France, United Kingdom, Russia, United States
B) France, Russia, United States, United Kingdom, China
C) United States, France, United Kingdom, Brazil, China, Nigeria
D) United States, China, United Kingdom, Germany, India

Question 17

Which sector of the UN can take enforcement action in case of a threat to peace or a breach of peace?

A) Economic and Social Council
B) the General Assembly
C) Security Council
D) the Secretariat

Question 18

Which of the following statements about the UN Secretariat is true?

A) The Secretariat is the leader of the UN Secretary General (UNSG), who is an administrator and a person with executive power.
B) The UNSG is nominated by the General Assembly and must be approved by the Security Council.
C) The Secretariat has over 10,000 staff, most of whom work at the UN headquarters in New York.
D) The Secretariat is a bureaucracy led by the UN Secretary General (UNSG), who is an administrator rather than a person with executive power.

Question 19

The Secretary General of the U.N. is appointed ______.

A) by the General Assembly on the recommendation of the Security Council
B) by the Security Council on the recommendation of the General Assembly
C) in a joint session of the Security Council and General Assembly
D) by the permanent members of the Security Council

Question 20

Most UN agencies are funded through what means?

A) voluntary contributions from states
B) mandatory fees paid by member states
C) donations from charities
D) profits from oil revenues

Question 21

The entire UN peacekeeping budget is equivalent to which of the following?

A) 3% of the U.S. military budget
B) 5% of the world's military expenditures
C) one month's U.S. military expenditure in Afghanistan at the height of its conflict
D) half of what Americans spent on their pets in 2015

Question 22

Which two global forces are particularly important for understanding the challenges the UN will face in the 21st century?

A) global markets; information and communication technology
B) information and communication technology; shifting centers of global power
C) shifting centers of global power; global markets
D) global governance; shifting centers of global power

Question 23

One of the major challenges for the UN in the 21st century will be ______.

A) bureaucratic bloat
B) democratic deficit
C) civil conflicts
D) global governance

Question 24

A ______ is an IGO to whom states have delegated authority to make decisions that are binding on member states.

A) super IGO
B) supernational authority
C) NGO
D) supranational authority

Question 25

IGOs perform many functions, but ______ would simply insist that IGOs have no independent effect on the world.

A) realists
B) liberals
C) constructivists
D) critical theorists

Question 26

The assumptions that states are dominant actors in the world and that there is anarchy internationally are based on which perspective?

A) classical realism
B) neorealism
C) hegemonic theory
D) offensive realism

Question 27

Which of the following best describes the difference between realism and neorealism?

A) The struggles between states are not interpreted in terms of human nature.
B) The struggles between states are not interpreted in terms of anarchy.
C) The struggles between states are not interpreted in terms of norms and identity.
D) The struggles between states are not interpreted in terms of morality.

Question 28

Realists are ______.

A) advocates of aggressive foreign policy and war
B) in favor of war when it is necessary to further a (rational) national interest
C) primarily concerned with economic advancement
D) convinced terrorism will make the world less secure

Question 29

How do realists understand the concept of power?

A) Power is based on economic strength.
B) Power is a relational concept.
C) Power is a relative concept.
D) Power is a relational and relative concept.

Question 30

States that trade with one another become so intertwined that they would not want to go to war with one another, is an example of which theory?

A) interstate trade theory
B) democracy peace theory
C) complex interdependence
D) epistemic community creation

Question 31

While realists believe security concerns always dominate state issues, complex interdependence says ______.

A) there will be a variety of state goals being pursued at any point, but bureaucracies must join together to focus on pursuing joint goals
B) there will be only one state goal being pursued at any given point, thereby allowing each bureaucracy to pursue its own goals
C) there will be a variety of state goals being pursued at any point, with each bureaucracy pursuing its own goals
D) there will be a variety of state goals being pursued at any point, but dependency between bureaucracies must be maintained

Question 32

Which theorist is affiliated with liberalism?

A) Waltz
B) Keohane
C) Katzenstein
D) Sikkink

Question 33

The logic of ______ claims that "people respond to nonmaterial things, such as norms, values, and identities."

A) consequences
B) appropriateness
C) materiality
D) norms

Question 34

The logic of ______ claims that "people respond to material things, such as money or threats of violence."

A) consequences
B) appropriateness
C) materiality
D) norms

Question 35

The shift in public perception of the use of nuclear weapons reframing nuclear weapons as a moral rather than a security issue is an example of ______ thought.

A) constructivist
B) realist
C) idealism
D) liberal

Question 36

An intragovernmental organization is an organization that is created and managed by states; membership is only available to sovereign states.

Question 37

Liberals see states joining IGOs as an act of free choice rather than coercion, and in general they see cooperation between rulers as commonplace despite occasional failures.

Question 38

Constructivists believe that states behave according to how they think they are supposed to behave.

Question 39

IGOs can be at the global, regional, or club level.

Question 40

While the UN published the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948, the IGO lagged behind the development of Latin American states, which had adopted a human rights declaration one decade before.

Question 41

Any and all military action authorized by the UNSC is legal simply because they are the authority that says so.

Question 42

Any member of the UN Security Council can veto a decision.

Question 43

Since the end of the Cold War, there has been more pressing discussion to reform the UN General Assembly, especially since the UNSC has been more active since the end of the Cold War.

Question 44

Regime type is of no concern to realists.

Question 45

Liberals assume states act "in their own interest," since it is clear what "own" means.

Question 46

While realists see IGOs as having no independent effect on the world, and liberals see IGOs as helping states to solve problems together, constructivists see IGOs as affecting the world because they can transform identities.

Question 47

Explain the five functions of an IGO. Be sure to include examples from real-world scenarios to elaborate your explanation.

Question 48

Explain how the democratic peace theory challenges realism.

Question 49

Compare and contrast the philosophical underpinnings of neorealism and liberalism, as they relate to intergovernmental organizations.

Question 50

Describe and discuss the origins and functions of the United Nations, paying specific attention to the roles of the General Assembly, Security Council, and Secretariat.

Question 51

IGOs are organizations designed for a specific purpose by member states. Using a real-life example from an NGO, explain how (a) a realist, (b) a liberal, and (c) a constructivist explain the state membership in this particular NGO.