Deck 7: Mixed Methods

Question 1

Typically, questionnaires are considered qualitative data while personal interviews are categorized as quantitative data.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Questionnaires are more frequently used than personal interviews.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

One of the major benefits in survey research is that respondents can remain anonymous leading to a greater probability they will be honest with their responses.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

To increase response rates in survey research, a small token, food voucher, or even cash is sometimes provided in exchange for respondents' time. In general, the practice is considered unethical even if it is not coercive.

Question 5

Closed-ended questions are recommended when researchers want to examine in-depth information from the respondents.

Question 6

The closed-ended question format may force respondents into answers; therefore, response categories must be exhaustive and mutually exclusive.

Question 7

A double-barreled question contains two questions in one, which must be avoided in survey questionnaires.

Question 8

Typically, questions that might offend a respondent should be placed at the start of a survey.

Question 9

When using a preconstructed interview, researchers should not deviate from the instrument.

Question 10

Mixed methods research is not used in the field of criminology and criminal justice.

Question 11

In mixed methods research, researchers can (a) use qualitative data to explain quantitative findings, (b) use quantitative data to show that qualitative findings are widespread, and (c) use each method equally.

Question 12

The purpose of survey research can be

A) descriptive.
B) explanatory.
C) exploratory.
D) All of the above

Question 13

Which of the following is false regarding survey research?

A) In general, questionnaires are considered quantitative data.
B) However, personal interviews are typically considered as a qualitative methodology.
C) Responses of a questionnaire are coded into numbers for further statistical analyses.
D) Qualitative data always statistically analyze their findings.

Question 14

Which of the following is false regarding questionnaires?

A) Questionnaires are often used in the field of criminology and criminal justice.
B) Questionnaires allow researchers to collect a large amount of data quickly and with low cost.
C) Most survey respondents do not remain anonymous, which forces respondents to hesitate to provide honest responses.
D) Questionnaires can be administered in various ways, including online.

Question 15

Which of the following is true regarding survey research?

A) In reality, many respondents do not want to participate in research, lowering response rates.
B) Respondents' reading ability is a potential problem in survey research.
C) Respondents may have a problem with interpreting the researcher's intended meaning of the word.
D) All of the above

Question 16

What type of question is the following?
Question: Why did you take research methods?

A) open-ended question
B) closed-ended question
C) double-barreled question
D) contingency question

Question 17

Which of the following is false regarding open-ended questions?

A) Open-ended questions allow respondents to freely answer in their own words.
B) Open-ended questions allow researchers to examine in-depth what respondents think.
C) Some respondents are reluctant to answer open-ended questions because of the greater amount of work that those questions require.
D) None of the above

Question 18

What type of question is the following one?
Question: What is your race?
A: White, B: Black, C: Hispanic, D: Asian, E: Other

A) Open-ended question
B) Closed-ended question
C) Double-barreled question
D) Contingency question

Question 19

Which of the following is false regarding closed-ended questions?

A) Closed-ended questions provide a list of possible response options so that respondents can choose one.
B) Multiple choice questions and true/false questions are examples of closed-ended questions.
C) Open-ended questions are more reliable than close- ended questions.
D) Closed-ended questions can solve the dilemma of having too many different responses that open-ended questions can produce.

Question 20

Which of the following is false regarding Likert scale?

A) A Likert scale is a type of closed-ended questions.
B) A Likert scale measures the extent to which respondents hold to a particular value or attitude.
C) A Likert scale typically offers a scale from, for example, "strongly agree," "agree," "disagree," and "strongly disagree."
D) none of the above

Question 21

A researcher is trying to ask respondents' race. Which of the following has the best response categories?

A) (1) White, (2) Black, (3) Hispanic
B) (1) White, (2) Black, (3) Hispanic, (4) Asian
C) (1) White, (2) Black, (3) Hispanic, (4) Asian, (5) American Indian
D) (1) White, (2) Black, (3) Hispanic, (4) Asian, (5) Other ___________.

Question 22

A researcher is trying to ask respondents' race as follows: (1) White, (2) Black, (3) Hispanic, (4) Asian, (5) Minority, and (6) Other.
Evaluate her question.

A) The answer categories are just fine.
B) The answer categories are not exhaustive.
C) The answer categories are not mutually exclusive.
D) The answer categories are neither exhaustive nor mutually exclusive.

Question 23

Which of the following is false regarding double-barreled questions?

A) A double-barreled question asks the same question twice in one questionnaire.
B) A simple solution to double-barreled questions is to separate questions.
C) "Do you drink or smoke" is an example of double-barreled questions.
D) All of the above are true.

Question 24

What type of question is the following one?
Have you ever been the victim of a robbery?
(1) Yes, (2) No
If yes, proceed to the next question; if not skip to question No. X.

A) Double-barreled question
B) Contingency question
C) Open-ended question
D) Leading question

Question 25

Which of the following terms should not be included in a questionnaire?

A) Tax hike
B) Dangerous cocaine
C) Weed
D) All of the above

Question 26

Which of the following is false regarding the order of questions?

A) Questions about demographic information must be placed in the beginning of a questionnaire.
B) The most important questions should be placed first in a questionnaire.
C) Initial questions should not be threatening.
D) The ordering of questions can affect overall response rates.

Question 27

Which of the following is false regarding wording in a questionnaire?

A) Researchers should try to avoid difficult words that people may not understand.
B) When researchers inevitably use difficult words, it may be necessary to define those words.
C) Usually, researchers are advised to use abbreviations in questionnaires.
D) It is beneficial to avoid slang words in questionnaires

Question 28

What might be the benefit of using pre-existing questionnaires?

A) If pre-existing questionnaires had been done correctly, those instruments have already had content validity.
B) Using pre-existing questionnaires allows comparative studies.
C) Using pre-existing questionnaires allows longitudinal comparisons.
D) All of the above

Question 29

What type of interview is typical when researchers have little knowledge on the topic?

A) Formal interview
B) Semi-formal interview
C) Semi-structured interview
D) Unstructured interview

Question 30

Which of the following is true regarding interviews?

A) An interview is a conversation between researchers and research participants to convey and receive information.
B) Formal interviews are often chosen when researchers have knowledge on the topic but want to probe for clarification.
C) Informal interviews allow multiple research sites to use the same instrument.
D) Interviews are never coded like questionnaires.

Question 31

__________ research is a research method that focuses on collecting, analyzing, and mixing both qualitative and quantitative data in a single study.

A) Epistemological
B) Mixed methods
C) Empirical
D) Contemporary

Question 32

Which of the following is false regarding mixed methods research?

A) Mixed methods research may help researchers overcome many concerns related to each individual method.
B) Another benefit of using mixed methods research is that one part of the study may guide the rest of the study.
C) Mixed methods research is less popular than the dichotomous approach.
D) When using mixed methods research, qualitative research must be conducted first.

Question 33

__________ is a method of collecting data through questionnaires or personal interviews.

Question 34

__________ is a form of collecting information or knowledge through a series of questions given to respondents.

Question 35

__________ are often known as "free response questions" because they allow respondents to answer in whatever way they want.

Question 36

__________ means scaling back to the most manageable or simplistic form.

Question 37

__________ are survey questions that provide the answers for respondents to choose.

Question 38

__________ is an option for closed-ended questions in which the attributes are rankable such as strongly agree, agree, disagree, and strongly disagree.

Question 39

To be a good closed-ended question, its responses must be __________ and __________.

Question 40

__________ are questions that inadvertently ask two questions in one.

Question 41

__________ are questions that should be answered only by those meeting a particular condition.

Question 42

__________ is a method of collecting information through communication between researchers and respondents.

Question 43

__________ is a type of research that combines qualitative and quantitative research techniques into a single study.