Deck 13: Policing White-Collar Crime

Question 1

What type of agencies are involved in policing white-collar crime?

A) federal agencies, private agencies, and state agencies
B) private agencies, formal criminal police agencies, governmental regulatory agencies
C) local police, state agencies, and governmental regulatory agencies
D) state police, formal criminal police agencies, and private agencies

Answer 1

B

Question 2

How are state, local, and federal regulatory agencies involved in responding to white-collar crime?

A) investigating and prosecuting serious white-collar crimes cases
B) ensuring that businesses and corporations are not violating federal, state or local laws and regulations
C) providing assistance to prosecutors at every stage of the investigation process
D) referring offending businesses or corporations in violation of laws and regulations for criminal prosecution

Answer 2

B

Question 3

What is the first stage of a white-collar investigation?

A) locating the victims of the crime
B) deciding which charges to formally file
C) identifying the scope of the crime
D) identifying the offender(s)

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which of the following is a major difference between investigating white-collar crime and traditional crime?

A) it takes longer to prepare for interrogations of white-collar criminals than for conventional offenders
B) In traditional crime there are usually multiple offenders to be interviewed.
C) a white-collar crime case is usually built more quickly because evidence is easier to collect.
D) In traditional crime, a suspect is identified more easily.

Question 5

Which strategy for gathering evidence in a white-collar crime case specifically employs the principle of skepticism?

A) audits
B) record reviews
C) undercover strategies
D) whistleblowers

Question 6

How does the offender/witness relationship play into investigations of white- collar crime?

A) An offender often has power and class status advantage over the witness to use as influence.
B) Witnesses that investigators want to interview will be in a trusting relationship with the offender.
C) The witnesses are often people who work outside the company and are hard for investigators to track down.
D) Witnesses often exaggerate the offender's actions.

Question 7

How does time affect the start of a white-collar crime investigation?

A) A long period of time passes before a crime is reported because victims often don't know they were victimized.
B) It is taking longer and longer for the courts and the laws to catch up to the advances offenders are making in the methods by which they commit their
crimes.
C) It can take an extraordinary amount of time to pour through the records and evidence collected in an investigation.
D) It takes a longer amount of time to finalize evidence to help prosecute an offender and any co-offenders and complete the investigation.

Question 8

The collaboration of different agencies in investigating a white-collar crime leads to which problem?

A) takes longer to get the investigation organized
B) increases complexity of the investigation
C) decreases the resources (manpower) each agency can expend
D) difficulty sharing information

Question 9

Which of the following is a suggestion that has been made to improve law enforcement's response to white-collar crime?

A) 'publicizing' white-collar criminals by arresting them in the workplace
B) focusing less on the search for a smoking gun because it likely doesn't exist
C) following other evidence besides the "money trail"
D) develop programs on investigations

Question 10

Which of the following is a characteristic of a white-collar undercover investigation?

A) The investigations are typically a "reverse sting" and undercover officials wait for offenders to commit their crimes.
B) Individuals often claim they are coerced into offending.
C) While less dangerous than street crime and contrary to most beliefs, undercover white-collar investigations are dangerous.
D) Undercover officials in a white-collar setting rarely spend an extended amount of time undercover.

Question 11

What is a self-policing strategy?

A) Business find misconduct within their own companies to avoid law enforcement intervention.
B) Businesses set up specific strategies to help minimize the economic costs of employee misconduct.
C) Self-policing strategies allow businesses to have employees who commit crimes arrested.
D) Employees use self-policing strategies to monitor coworkers who may be engaged in misconduct.

Question 12

Category III of which strategy focuses on getting employees to share information about co-workers' misconduct?

A) loss prevention
B) compliance
C) regulatory
D) private enforcement

Question 13

Which of the following is a difference between an internal and an external investigation of a white-collar crime?

A) Businesses cannot fire an employee suspected of misconduct unless they refer the case to authorities.
B) Businesses use an information-gathering approach to internal interviews as opposed to the adversarial approach of criminal investigations.
C) It is easier for an internal investigation to sort through business records to gather evidence.
D) Businesses investigate their employees when they suspect misconduct of any kind.

Question 14

Corporations who fulfill requirements for strong compliance programs within their company are eligible for what type of result if wrongdoing is found?

A) They are less likely to undergo a surprise audit from a regulatory agency.
B) They get to join an organization created by the U.S. Department of Justice that promotes the enforcement of white-collar crime.
C) They could receive lighter sanctions.
D) They must turn over any person involved in the misconduct to authorities.

Question 15

What type of a red flag of white-collar crime typically surfaces during audits?

A) an excess of documentation
B) lack of payments to some vendors
C) managers override internal controls
D) smaller payments to new vendors

Question 16

What is a possible job a forensic accountant may do during or after an audit?

A) calculate economic loss due to misconduct
B) recommend a course of action to prevent fraud
C) consult with law enforcement on possible charges
D) identify witnesses who may be lying

Question 17

Regulatory agencies engage in policing activities based on what?

A) the type of offending they uncover
B) the number of crimes they can handle
C) their mission statements
D) The severity of the crimes

Question 18

In the example of a restaurant that was discovered to have more than one hundred fresh rodent droppings in the kitchen, how was this misconduct, and many other similar cases, discovered?

A) self-policing
B) anonymous tip
C) regulatory officers
D) whistleblower

Question 19

Which of the following describes one of the regulatory policing styles?

A) detective
B) free agent
C) surveillance
D) free style

Question 20

What type of strategy is being employed if police focus solely on catching and punishing traffic violators?

A) retributive
B) free agent
C) watchmen
D) undercover

Question 21

Which style addresses violations most aggressively?

A) free agent style
B) legalistic agencies
C) watchmen style
D) retributive strategy

Question 22

Which of the following is a criticism of regulatory policing?

A) Regulations are not enforced equally.
B) Regulatory efforts breed misconduct.
C) Regulatory officers are becoming too aggressive.
D) There is a growing trend of corruption.

Question 23

How do some scholars believe corporate misconduct should be dealt with?

A) as a regulatory violation
B) with tougher regulations
C) as a violation of criminal law
D) with increased monetary sanctions

Question 24

How can international cooperation in policing white-collar crime be improved?

A) develop police networks with a common language
B) work on white-collar cases that have similar characteristics
C) agree on an international white-collar crime headquarters
D) create and agree on one type of record-keeping standard

Question 25

Attempts by global police agencies to use law enforcement strategies to investigate and prevent white-collar crime internationally have been hampered by which of the following?

A) There is widespread disagreement about which language to use for communication.
B) White-collar crime has different characteristics in many countries.
C) Getting cooperation among many global policing agencies makes collaborating on cases difficult.
D) Some countries want to take the lead deciding which type of cases to pursue.

Question 26

One of two ways in which white-collar crime comes to the attention of authorities is through evidence that is uncovered as part of routine reviews of financial records.

Question 27

After an email is deleted, investigators are not able to recover it.

Question 28

The dynamics of undercover work can contribute to police corruption.

Question 29

The fact that offenders usually have more resources, such as money and lawyers, contributes to the resource problems of enforcing white-collar crime.

Question 30

The fact that investigators do not have the same approach with different cases is a problem with addressing white-collar crimes.

Question 31

Universities are still emphasizing traditional crime over white-collar crime with criminal justice students.

Question 32

Compliance strategies focus on detecting and preventing corporate criminality.

Question 33

Interviews that are conducted by a business can result in termination if an employee pleads the fifth.

Question 34

If strong compliance standards are in place, corporations can still receive harsher sanctions for their crimes.

Question 35

The legalistic approach to enforcing white-collar crime usually involves staying out of the way until a crime is committed.

Question 36

List in order and briefly describe the stages of a white-collar crime investigation after a referral has been made to alert the authorities to a crime.

Question 37

List three characteristics of an undercover white-collar investigation that are distinctly different from a traditional undercover investigation.

Question 38

List four of the five problems that authorities have when it comes to addressing crime.

Question 39

Describe the three categories of loss prevention strategies.

Question 40

List two suggestions for improvement in regards to international crime and enforcement.

Question 41

Discuss the pros, cons, and potential ethical issues regarding the use of undercover investigations in white-collar crime.

Question 42

Summarize the four of the six main problems addressing white-collar crime.

Question 43

Choose a self-policing strategy and write a persuasive argument for its use versus a governmental policing strategy.