Deck 7: Crimes in the Educational System

Question 1

What did a 2017 study observe from its review of research misconduct cases that were reported to federal agencies by the scientific community?

A) The volume of research misconduct detected and reported was higher than the researchers expected to find.
B) The scientific community was concerned that detecting too much research misconduct would call the veracity of their overall research into question.
C) The scientific community was not capable of finding and responding to research misconduct.
D) Scientific research would be improved by finding and responding to research misconduct.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which of the following was one reason given for why the federal government has become so involved in research misconduct?

A) Members of the academic community have asked the government to intervene.
B) The federal government has been investing more money into scientific endeavors.
C) Members of society have asked the government to intervene.
D) There have more cases of research misconduct lately, so the government felt obligated to intervene.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Why might it be more difficult to estimate how often research misconduct occurs than other white-collar crimes?

A) Research misconduct has not actually been empirically assessed so the standard is difficult to determine.
B) Professors are better at covering their tracks and lying than other white-collar criminals.
C) Investigators are less interested in this type of white-collar crime.
D) Misconduct is well hidden from scrutiny.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

When is plagiarism most often discovered?

A) Reviewers identify it as part of the peer review process.
B) When computer-based text searching tools are used to search for it.
C) The plagiarized author finds it.
D) Researchers accidentally stumble upon it.

Question 5

What consequence might research misconduct have for society?

A) People lose trust in an individual who engaged in research misconduct.
B) Medical breakthroughs or policies based on flawed research puts people at risk.
C) Funding may be scarce out of fear of possible research misconduct.
D) Colleges and universities may have to compete for researchers.

Question 6

What is a pattern that distinguishes research misconduct from many other white-collar crimes?

A) The offender will typically wait a certain period before publishing his plagiarized or falsified results so as to avoid suspicion.
B) The offenders generally do not know they are committing research misconduct.
C) In many cases, the offender has one or more accomplices.
D) In most cases the offender of research misconduct acts alone.

Question 7

In the study noted in the reading, how many of the research misconduct cases were said to be caused by the supervisor's lack of training the supervisee?

A) about 75%
B) almost half
C) less than 10%
D) nearly all

Question 8

Which of the following is not an incentive to carry out research misconduct?

A) power and prestige
B) higher salary
C) fewer teaching assignments
D) grants and book contracts

Question 9

Accusations of research misconduct generally begin from which of the following?

A) the federal government
B) the university
C) someone involved with the research
D) the state government

Question 10

Ghost writing occurs under which of these circumstances?

A) a professor who did not work on the research is made an author of the published results
B) too many researchers work on a study and so some are left off as authors on the published results
C) professors or researchers have their work written by someone else, but the professor's name appears on the work
D) a professor publishes the unpublished results of another professor's study and claims it as their own

Question 11

What percent of articles in the Journal of the American Medical Association had ghost writers?

A) 69%
B) 8%
C) 26%
D) 2%

Question 12

Textbook fraud occurs under which of these circumstances?

A) faculty sell complimentary textbooks that they received from publishers to book dealers who resell the books
B) a person falsely and intentionally claims to that another publisher stole their work and put it in their own textbook
C) a textbook is published with no credit given to the author of the book by the publisher
D) faculty sell textbooks they have written with false data

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of double billing?

A) A professor bills his own university, instead of the university he traveled to speak at for travel reimbursement.
B) A professor leaves his job at one university for another but continues to collect pay from that university while receiving pay from the second university as well.
C) A professor bills the same university twice for the same travel expenses.
D) A professor bills her university for travel expenses and an outside booking firm for her fee to give a speech at another university.

Question 14

Which type of conflict arises with unapproved outside work?

A) financial reimbursement conflicts of interest
B) student dedication conflicts
C) travel expenses conflicts.
D) research based conflicts of interest

Question 15

Which of these is a form of time conflict?

A) A professor routinely cancels class because of outside work.
B) A professor takes a leave of absence.
C) Two professors are working on research together while one does the majority of the work, and both are given equal credit.
D) A professor skips an appointment with a student and does not notify the student.

Question 16

What form of sexual harassment occurs if a professor stares intently at the same student while giving a lecture?

A) gender harassment
B) sexual bribery
C) sexualized behavior
D) sexual contact

Question 17

What are the policies on sexual contact with students?

A) All colleges and universities have a strict no sexual contact policy.
B) No colleges or universities have a policy on sexual contact with students.
C) Policy varies between different institutions, with some having no policy and others having a strict policy.
D) Sexual contact is only prohibited with undergraduate students.

Question 18

How often do professors who reward students with better grades for sex receive criminal charges?

A) commonly
B) rarely
C) never
D) Always

Question 19

How is Operation: Varsity Blues, the college admissions scandal, an example of white-collar crime in the educational system?

A) People working within the educational system admitted unqualified students as a favor to others.
B) Outsiders gave large sums of money to people in the educational system to fraudulently admit their children.
C) Students used bribery to get coaches in the educational system to give them spot on athletic teams so they could play sports.
D) People within the educational system solicited money from qualified students for a guaranteed admission.

Question 20

Students who are sexually harassed by their professors usually report it to whom?

A) nobody
B) another faculty member
C) the police
D) a close friend or family member

Question 21

Which of the following was given as a reason why students have chosen not to report sexual harassment?

A) did not want to go through the trouble of the legal system
B) claimed that they do not care
C) concern about repercussions on future evaluations
D) scared they may actually be the one to blame

Question 22

Since professors rarely go to jail for their misdeeds, how might colleges and universities provide accountability for their crimes?

A) take any number of available disciplinary actions based on the crime committed
B) transfer the professor to a new school
C) take no action against the professor
D) ask the professor to leave

Question 23

What form of discipline might be taken against professors who were found to have committed research misconduct?

A) tenure revocations
B) dismissals
C) incur fines
D) retraction of articles

Question 24

Which of these can be seen as a white-collar crime committed by a student?

A) looking at another student's exam
B) digital piracy
C) failure to pay lab fees
D) skipping class and copying notes from another student

Question 25

In a study on academic dishonesty, what did R. L. Sims find about respondents who engaged in dishonest behavior in college?

A) They were as severely dishonest at work as they were in college.
B) Most behaved more honestly at work than in college.
C) Many engaged in some dishonest behavior at work.
D) They were honest some of the time at work.

Question 26

Scientific endeavors have become less visible to members of society as result of increased government involvement.

Question 27

Plagiarism by professors is more likely to occur in the humanities and social sciences than in the hard sciences.

Question 28

Research misconduct hurts the university more than the professor who engaged in the misconduct.

Question 29

Research misconduct in no way shines the scientific community in a negative light.

Question 30

If researchers engage in one type of misconduct, there are more likely to have engaged in others as well.

Question 31

In some cases of ghostwriting, the real author's name appears on the article along with a scientist who did not actually contribute to the article.

Question 32

Many colleges and universities have express written policies forbidding the selling of complimentary text books under any circumstances.

Question 33

Universities never limit the amount of consulting and outside work that professors can do with companies that relate to their research.

Question 34

Sexualized behaviors go beyond comments and include actual activities of a sexual nature committed by the offending party.

Question 35

Some experts contend that exchanging grades for sex "is accepted without question or noticeable comment by most members of the university community.

Question 36

List the four main crimes committed by professional in the education system.

Question 37

Describe two of the four types of sexual harassment that can occur between a professor and a student.

Question 38

Describe three different consequences of research misconduct.

Question 39

Describe the two scenarios in which crimes are committed by students on the job.

Question 40

Why can academic dishonesty be defined as "intellectual theft"?

Question 41

Discuss the effects of research misconduct.

Question 42

Discuss two of the four types of pecuniary offenses in the educational system.

Question 43

Discuss sexual harassment in the context of the educational system.