Deck 7: Federalism

Question 1

Who said that "Federalism has all along been a product of reason in politics . . . it is an attempt to find a rational compromise between the divergent interest groups which history has thrown together; but it is a compromise based on the will of the people"?

A) Joe Clark
B) Brian Mulroney
C) Jean Chrétien
D) Stephen Harper
E) Pierre Trudeau

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Which country is a federal state?

A) Germany
B) United States
C) Canada
D) Austria
E) All of the above

Answer 2

E

Question 3

Federalism divides political authority along what lines?

A) Territorial
B) Political
C) Religious
D) Ethnic
E) State

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which country is a unitary state?

A) China
B) France
C) Japan
D) Turkey
E) All of the above

Question 5

Which group of the fathers of Confederation favoured a unitary system?

A) Americans
B) Anglophones
C) Catholics
D) Francophones
E) Acadians

Question 6

What was/were the threat(s) leading to the Canadian choice of federalism?

A) Economic insecurity
B) Military insecurity
C) Cultural insecurity
D) Political instability
E) All of the above

Question 7

How did political scientist William S. Livingston describe federalism?

A) As a function of societies
B) As a function of politics
C) As a function of provinces
D) As a function of politicians
E) As a function of governments

Question 8

When were referenda on Quebec independence held?

A) 1980 and 1995
B) 1992 and 2004
C) 1981 and 1992
D) 1982 and 1997
E) 1968 and 1976

Question 9

What is outlined in sections 91 and 92 of the Constitution Act, 1867?

A) Agriculture and immigration
B) Powers of the Senate
C) Taxation
D) Education
E) Federal and provincial division of powers

Question 10

At the time of Confederation, what did the French-Canadian representatives want to protect?

A) Quebec priests
B) Their cultural community
C) The farming industry
D) Montreal
E) The St. Lawrence River

Question 11

Which country is routinely compared to Canada due to its challenges with multiple language communities?

A) France
B) United States
C) Spain
D) Belgium
E) Australia

Question 12

Who argued that conflict between the English Protestant and French Catholic communities had produced government instability and was one of the reasons behind the Confederation movement?

A) John A. Macdonald
B) George-Étienne Cartier
C) Samuel Tilley
D) George Brown
E) Joseph Howe

Question 13

Which province was Oliver Mowat, a leader in the movement for provincial rights, premier of?

A) Ontario
B) Nova Scotia
C) British Columbia
D) Quebec
E) New Brunswick

Question 14

At the time of Confederation, John A. Macdonald thought provincial governments would be little more than glorified what?

A) Fiefdoms
B) States
C) Counties
D) Territories
E) Municipalities

Question 15

In the Constitution Act, 1867, what level of government was given jurisdiction over customs and excise taxes?

A) Provincial
B) Local
C) Regional
D) Municipal
E) Federal

Question 16

What do Sections 55, 56, and 90 of the Constitution Act, 1867 give provincial lieutenant-governors the power to do?

A) Reserve approval of legislation
B) Disallow legislation
C) Give provincial powers to the federal government
D) Change the premier
E) Both A and B

Question 17

What was the last time that the federal government used reservation or disallowance powers in respect to provincial legislation?

A) 1982
B) 1961
C) 1931
D) 2014
E) 1875

Question 18

How many of the 193-member states of the United Nations have a federal system of government?

A) About 50
B) About 150
C) About two dozen
D) About 100
E) None

Question 19

What does "CHT" stand for?

A) Canadian Harmonized Tax
B) Canada Health Tax
C) Canada Health Transfer
D) Canadian Health Trade
E) Canadian Health Trust

Question 20

What does "CST" stand for?

A) Canada Sales Tax
B) Canadian Social Trade
C) Canada Social Transfer
D) Canadian Social Trust
E) Canadian Social Tax

Question 21

What does "POGG" stand for?

A) Power, Organization, and Great Governance
B) Peace, Order, and Good Government
C) Power, Order, and Good Government
D) Politics, Order, and Good Government
E) Public, Organization, and Good Governance

Question 22

What section of the Constitution Act, 1867 gave the federal parliament the power to regulate trade and commerce?

A) 93
B) 133
C) 92
D) 91
E) 121

Question 23

What section of the Constitution Act, 1982 "commits Ottawa to the principle of equalizing public finance levels in the provinces"?

A) 33
B) 92
C) 36
D) 91
E) 93

Question 24

What section of the Constitution Act, 1867 gave provincial legislatures jurisdiction over hospitals?

A) 95
B) 33
C) 92
D) 93
E) 91

Question 25

What section of the Constitution Act, 1867 gave provincial legislatures jurisdiction over education?

A) 33
B) 92
C) 95
D) 93
E) 91

Question 26

Over which policy area(s) did the Constitution Act, 1867 give provincial legislatures jurisdiction?

A) Management and sale of public lands
B) Municipal institutions
C) Property and civil rights
D) All of the above
E) None of the above

Question 27

Over which policy area(s) did the Constitution Act, 1867 give provincial legislatures jurisdiction?

A) Navigation and shipping
B) Foreign treaties
C) Sea coast and inland fisheries
D) All of the above
E) None of the above

Question 28

Which body ruled in 1896 that the "Peace, Order, and Good Government" clause could not be used by Ottawa to override the enumerated powers of the provinces?

A) The Ontario Superior Court
B) Canadian Parliament
C) The Judicial Committee of the Privy Council
D) The Supreme Court of Canada
E) The Federal Court of Appeal

Question 29

What type of ruling was said to have been articulated in Re Board of Commerce Act and Combines and Fair Prices Act 1919?

A) Emergency doctrine
B) Peace, order, and good government
C) Enumerated
D) Plain dealing
E) Just doctrine

Question 30

Who argued for constitutional protection for their French cultural community?

A) George Brown
B) Joseph Howe
C) George-Étienne Cartier
D) Samuel Tilley
E) John A. Macdonald

Question 31

When the proposal to create an independent Canada was discussed, what was the main subject of debate?

A) The relationship between the residents of what would be Upper and Lower Canada
B) The relationship between the new national and regional governments
C) The relationship between the newly created Dominion of Canada and Great Britain
D) Whether the British North America Acts or the Canada Act would be the supreme law of the land
E) The influence of the monarch in government affairs

Question 32

Which body found in 1970 that the "Peace, Order, and Good Government" clause could be used to justify federal laws during peacetime?

A) The Federal Cabinet
B) The Judicial Committee of the Privy Council
C) The Department of Justice
D) The Supreme Court of Canada
E) The Federal Court of Appeal

Question 33

Which area of provincial jurisdiction has affected the ability of the federal government to act on issues of trade and commerce?

A) Education
B) Property and civil rights
C) Municipalities
D) Hospitals
E) Environment

Question 34

What was the legacy of Citizens' Insurance Co. v. Parsons (1881)?

A) More provincial power over education
B) The power of the Supreme Court of Canada
C) Less funding for shared-cost programs
D) Private health care
E) Limitation of Ottawa's authority to regulate trade and commerce to interprovincial trade, international trade, and general trade affecting the whole of Canada

Question 35

What piece of legislation was referred to the Supreme Court for an advisory opinion on its constitutionality in 2010?

A) The National Securities Act
B) The Economic Security Act
C) The Canadian Securities Act
D) The Clarity Act
E) The Financial Crisis Act

Question 36

What is the other major language group other than French in Belgium?

A) Flemish
B) Italian
C) Spanish
D) Mandarin
E) English

Question 37

What section of the Constitution Act, 1867 provided the federal government with the exclusive preserve to "[raise] Money by any Mode or System of Taxation"?

A) 35
B) 41
C) 91
D) 92
E) 15

Question 38

What section of the Constitution Act, 1867 provided the provincial government with the field of "Direct Taxation"?

A) 91
B) 92
C) 41
D) 35
E) 15

Question 39

Who said that "Canadian Confederation is the result of a contract between the two races in Canada, French and English"?

A) Wilfrid Laurier
B) Pierre Trudeau
C) Henri Bourassa
D) Jean Chrétien
E) John A. Macdonald

Question 40

What political party was created in 1968 under the leadership of René Lévesque?

A) The Parti Québécois
B) The New Democratic Party
C) The Union Nationale
D) The Liberal Party
E) The Bloc Québécois

Question 41

Which province rejected the Victoria Charter?

A) Alberta
B) Quebec
C) New Brunswick
D) Ontario
E) British Columbia

Question 42

With whom did Brian Mulroney disagree on the state of provincial powers?

A) Lester Pearson
B) John Diefenbaker
C) Pierre Trudeau
D) Joe Clark
E) Louis St. Laurent

Question 43

Where is the "heart" of the federal division of powers found in the Constitution Act, 1867?

A) Sections 55, 56, and 90
B) Section 1
C) Sections 91 and 92
D) Section 33
E) Section 15

Question 44

What is a fiscal gap?

A) Provinces' legislative responsibilities prove to be much less extensive and expensive than anticipated.
B) The difference in cost between what the federal government wants provinces to spend and what the provinces are capable of spending on a policy area.
C) The difference in cost between what the provinces want the federal government to give them in federal transfers and what the federal government is willing to give them to spend on a policy area.
D) Provinces' health care responsibilities prove to be much more extensive and expensive than anticipated.
E) Provinces' legislative responsibilities prove to be much more extensive and expensive than anticipated.

Question 45

What is the most accurate description of shared-cost programs?

A) Federally administered programs where provincial contributions are geared to how much the national government spends
B) Federally administered programs where provincial and municipal contributions are all filtered directly to the poorest province
C) Provincially administered programs where Ottawa's contribution is geared to how much a province spends
D) Federally administered programs where contributions by the richest provinces are adjusted according to how much poorer provinces are able to spend
E) Provincially administered programs where contributions from municipalities are pooled and redistributed based on regional spending

Question 46

What is the difference between conditional grants and unconditional grants?

A) Conditional grants can only be offered by provinces and unconditional grants can only be offered by the federal government.
B) The former describes transfers of federal funds that have no strings attached. The latter are transfers with conditions as to how it must be spent.
C) The former describes transfers of federal funds with conditions as to how it must be spent. The latter are transfers that have no strings attached.
D) Conditional grants can only be offered by the federal government and unconditional grants can only be offered by provincial governments.
E) The former describes transfers of federal funds with conditions as to how the money must be spent. The latter refers specifically to grants offered by provincial governments.

Question 47

Which of the following is an example of a conditional or an unconditional grant?

A) Provisions in the Canada Health Act
B) Equalization payments
C) Provincial social assistance programs with need- and residency-based requirements
D) The Canada Health and Social Transfers
E) All of the above

Question 48

What case did the narrow interpretation of the "peace, order, and good government of Canada" clause begin with?

A) Wartime Funds (1916)
B) Fishing Rights (1955)
C) Housing and Services (1935)
D) Local Prohibition (1896)
E) Crow Rate Pass (1913)

Question 49

What did the Re Board of Commerce Act and Combines and Fair Prices Act 1919 (1922) JCPC decision involve?

A) "Local matters"
B) "Normal dimensions"
C) "National rights"
D) "Provincial dimensions"
E) "National dimensions"

Question 50

What case did the line of "trade and commerce" judicial interpretation begin on?

A) Citizens' Insurance Co. v. Parsons (1881)
B) R. v. Crown Zellerbach Canada (1988)
C) Fort Frances Pulp and Power Co. v. Manitoba Free Press (1923)
D) Toronto Electric Commissioners v. Snider (1925)
E) Re Board of Commerce Act and Combines and Fair Prices Act 1919 (1922)

Question 51

What constitutional powers were at the centre of the decision on the Attorney

A) Food Production
B) Health
C) Agriculture
D) Animal Rights
E) Trade and Commerce

Question 52

What section of the constitution is understood as prohibiting provincial tariffs?

A) 121
B) 33
C) 92
D) 15
E) 91

Question 53

What was Gerard Comeau fined for doing in 2012?

A) Driving without a license
B) Transporting alcohol across provincial lines
C) Illegal hunting
D) Selling marijuana
E) Smoking

Question 54

What percentage of Canada's population did Quebec account for in 2018?

A) 12 per cent
B) 41 per cent
C) 15 per cent
D) 23 per cent
E) 50 per cent

Question 55

What percentage of Quebec's population claims French as their mother tongue?

A) 60 per cent
B) 40 per cent
C) 80 per cent
D) 100 per cent
E) 20 per cent

Question 56

What percentage of Canada's French population lives in Quebec?

A) 60 per cent
B) 20 per cent
C) 80 per cent
D) 40 per cent
E) 90 per cent

Question 57

Which province imposed its own provincial income tax in 1954?

A) Ontario
B) New Brunswick
C) Alberta
D) British Columbia
E) Quebec

Question 58

What was the Union Nationale party's slogan in the 1966 Quebec provincial election?

A) Provincial rights!
B) Our own house!
C) Quebec first!
D) Jurisdiction or else!
E) French now!

Question 59

Who was the Quebec premier during the negotiations of the Victoria Charter?

A) Daniel Johnson
B) Jean Charest
C) Robert Bourassa
D) René Lévesque
E) Lucien Bouchard

Question 60

Federalism divides political authority along territorial lines.

Question 61

The majority of United Nations member states have a federal system of government.

Question 62

English-speaking Fathers of Confederation favoured a unitary system of government rather than a federal one.

Question 63

Section 91 and Section 92 of the Constitution Act, 1867 deal with the federal division of powers.

Question 64

Quebec did not sign the Constitution Act, 1982.

Question 65

The 1995 Quebec referendum finished with a large majority (over 60 per cent) of people voting for the "no" side of the ballot, thus remaining part of Canada.

Question 66

Court rulings always put an end to conflicts between Ottawa and the provinces.

Question 67

Federalism is a legal term and its existence is based on the constitution.

Question 68

Executive federalism is a term used to describe the relations between federal and provincial cabinet ministers.

Question 69

The Constitution establishes a neat division of legislative and taxation powers between Ottawa and the provinces.

Question 70

"Trade and commerce," "property and civil rights," and "direct taxation" have straightforward meanings.

Question 71

When the proposal to create an independent Canada was discussed at Charlottetown (1864) and Quebec (1867), the main subject of debate was the fur trade.

Question 72

John A. Macdonald anticipated that the provincial governments would be little more than glorified municipalities.

Question 73

The power of "peace, order, and good government of Canada" has been reduced over time.

Question 74

In 2011, the Supreme Court rebuffed the federal government's attempts to establish a national system of securities regulation.

Question 75

The Canadians took positive lessons from the Americans on federalism.

Question 76

A federal constitution institutionalizes regional divisions by associating them with different governments.

Question 77

Under a unitary form of government sovereignty resides exclusively with the central government.

Question 78

Half of the 193-member states of the United Nations have a federal system of government.

Question 79

Canada's federal Constitution was not a compromise.

Question 80

Oliver Mowat was premier of Quebec.