Question 1

Which of the following means enhancing physiological capacity and exercise performance?&#10;A) Exergonic&#10;B) Endogonic&#10;C) Ergogenic&#10;D) Exogenous

Accepted Answer

Ergogenic aids are substances, devices, or practices that enhance an individual's energy use, production, or recovery, thereby improving exercise performance and physiological capacity.

Question 2

Which of the following pairs may share the same working mechanism of serving as a stimulant to the central nervous system?&#10;A) Glucose and caffeine&#10;B) Caffeine and amphetamine&#10;C) Ephedrine and amino acids&#10;D) Creatine and amphetamine

Accepted Answer

Caffeine and amphetamine both act as central nervous system stimulants, though they do so through different specific mechanisms. Caffeine blocks adenosine receptors, leading to increased neuronal activity, while amphetamines increase the release of neurotransmitters like dopamine and norepinephrine. Both effects result in stimulant properties.

Question 3

Creatine supplementation provides all of the following ergogenic effect except&#10;A) improving performance in muscular strength and power activities&#10;B) augmenting short bursts of maximal muscular effort&#10;C) aiding repeated short bursts of maximal muscular effort&#10;D) increasing aerobic endurance capacity

Accepted Answer

Creatine supplementation is primarily effective for enhancing performance in high-intensity, short-duration activities, not for increasing aerobic endurance capacity.

Question 4

Of the following athletes, which one may not benefit from taking creatine monohydrate as an ergogenic aid?&#10;A) Football player&#10;B) Body builder&#10;C) Sprinter&#10;D) Distance runner

Accepted Answer

Creatine monohydrate is known to improve performance in high-intensity, short-duration activities by increasing the availability of ATP, the energy molecule. Distance running, however, relies more on aerobic metabolism and the efficient use of fats and carbohydrates for energy over longer periods, making creatine less beneficial for this type of athlete.

Question 5

Supplementation of amino acids such as arginine and lysine would increase muscle mass by stimulating the production of&#10;A) androstenedione&#10;B) testosterone&#10;C) growth hormone&#10;D) DHEA

Accepted Answer

Arginine and lysine are known to stimulate the production of growth hormone, which plays a significant role in muscle growth and development.

Question 6

Which of the following does not explain what caffeine does as an ergogenic aid?&#10;A) Caffeine serves as a stimulant to the central nervous system&#10;B) Caffeine increases fat utilization and thus spares glycogen&#10;C) Caffeine stimulates the production of testosterone&#10;D) Caffeine increases calcium release necessary for muscle contraction

Accepted Answer

Caffeine does not stimulate the production of testosterone. Its ergogenic effects are primarily due to its role as a central nervous system stimulant, its ability to increase fat utilization (thereby sparing muscle glycogen), and its effect on increasing calcium release for muscle contraction.

Question 7

In order to maximize weight loss effect, ephedrine has often been used in combination with&#10;A) caffeine&#10;B) cortisol&#10;C) creatine&#10;D) chromium

Accepted Answer

Ephedrine and caffeine are often used together to maximize weight loss effects. This combination is thought to enhance fat loss by increasing energy expenditure and fat oxidation.

Question 8

Which of the following ergogenic aids functions to enhance oxygen carrying capacity and thus endurance performance?&#10;A) Carbohydrate loading&#10;B) Carnitine supplementation&#10;C) Branched chain amino acid supplementation&#10;D) Blood transfusion

Accepted Answer

Blood transfusion can enhance oxygen carrying capacity by increasing the number of red blood cells, thereby improving endurance performance. This practice, known as "blood doping," is banned in competitive sports due to its potential health risks and unfair advantage.

Question 9

Which of the following represents an incorrect match between an ergogenic aid and its major claim?&#10;A) Caffeine - increasing oxygen carrying capacity&#10;B) Androstenedione - promoting muscle growth&#10;C) High glycemic index carbohydrate - facilitating recovery of glycogen&#10;D) Co-enzyme Q10 - speeding up energy transformation

Accepted Answer

Caffeine does not increase oxygen carrying capacity; its major claim is to enhance alertness and delay fatigue.

Question 10

All of the following have been associated with an increase in protein synthesis and lean body mass except&#10;A) DHEA&#10;B) carnitine&#10;C) androstenedione&#10;D) growth hormone

Accepted Answer

Carnitine primarily aids in the transport of fatty acids into mitochondria for oxidation and energy production, rather than directly increasing protein synthesis or lean body mass.

Deck 8: Nutrients Metabolism