Question 1

Which of the following is referred to as biologically usable energy or energy currency?&#10;A) Creatine phosphate (CP)&#10;B) Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)&#10;C) Glucose&#10;D) Oxygen

Accepted Answer

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is often referred to as the energy currency of the cell because it acts as a direct source of energy for many cellular processes.

Question 2

During cellular respiration, chemical energy stored in foods is transformed into&#10;A) light energy and heat energy&#10;B) mechanical energy and nuclear energy&#10;C) electrical energy and light energy&#10;D) heat energy and mechanical energy

Accepted Answer

During cellular respiration, the chemical energy stored in food is converted primarily into ATP (adenosine triphosphate), which is used by cells for mechanical work (such as muscle contraction) and heat energy, especially in organisms that use thermogenesis for temperature regulation.

Question 3

Which of the following is not true regarding ATP?&#10;A) ATP serves as the body's energy currency&#10;B) ATP is the only form of energy used directly to support various bodily functions&#10;C) ATP can be re-synthesized via energy systems using carbohydrate and fat&#10;D) The body can store unlimited amounts of ATP for use during exercise

Accepted Answer

ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) is the primary energy carrier in cells, but the body can only store a limited amount of ATP at any given time, enough for just a few seconds of high-intensity activity. This is why the body continuously synthesizes ATP from other sources like carbohydrates and fats.

Question 4

Which of the following by-products will be produced when fat oxidation occurs in a low-carbohydrate environment?&#10;A) Urea&#10;B) Ketone&#10;C) Glycerol&#10;D) Creatine

Accepted Answer

Ketone bodies are produced as a byproduct of fat oxidation when carbohydrates are scarce. This process, known as ketogenesis, occurs primarily in the liver and provides an alternative energy source for various tissues, including the brain, during periods of low glucose availability.

Question 5

ATP-CP or the phosphagen system is the energy system that uses energy stored in&#10;A) CP to convert ADP to ATP&#10;B) ATP to convert ADP to CP&#10;C) ADP to convert CP to ATP&#10;D) glucose to convert ADP to ATP

Accepted Answer

The ATP-CP or phosphagen system uses energy stored in creatine phosphate (CP) to convert adenosine diphosphate (ADP) to adenosine triphosphate (ATP), providing immediate energy for high-intensity, short-duration activities.

Question 6

Which of the following means an anaerobic energy system?&#10;A) Glycogenesis&#10;B) Glycolysis&#10;C) Gluconeogenesis&#10;D) Glycogenolysis

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose into pyruvate, releasing energy in the form of ATP. It can occur with or without oxygen, making it part of the anaerobic energy system when oxygen is scarce.

Question 7

Chemical reactions involved in anaerobic glycolysis&#10;A) require oxygen&#10;B) occur in cytoplasm outside of mitochondria&#10;C) produce large amounts of ATP&#10;D) have water and carbon dioxide as end-products

Accepted Answer

Anaerobic glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm outside of mitochondria and does not require oxygen, produces a small amount of ATP (2 ATP molecules per glucose molecule), and its end-products are lactate in animals or ethanol and carbon dioxide in plants and yeast, not water and carbon dioxide.

Question 8

The major by-product of anaerobic glycolysis is&#10;A) lactic acid&#10;B) acetyl-CoA&#10;C) water&#10;D) carbon dioxide

Accepted Answer

Lactic acid is the major by-product of anaerobic glycolysis, which occurs when oxygen is scarce, and pyruvate is converted into lactate.

Question 9

Which of the following represents a correct order from fastest to slowest in terms of the rate at which ATP is generated?&#10;A) ATP-CP system &#8594; aerobic system &#8594; anaerobic glycolysis&#10;B) anaerobic glycolysis &#8594; aerobic system &#8594; ATP-CP system&#10;C) ATP-CP system &#8594; anaerobic glycolysis &#8594; aerobic system&#10;D) aerobic system &#8594; anaerobic glycolysis &#8594; ATP-CP system

Accepted Answer

The ATP-CP system provides immediate energy for short bursts, anaerobic glycolysis generates ATP quickly but not as fast as the ATP-CP system and is sustainable for a short duration, while the aerobic system generates ATP the slowest but can sustain energy production for long durations.

Question 10

The cellular location where the oxidative system operates is&#10;A) endoplasmic reticulum&#10;B) cell nucleus&#10;C) mitochondria&#10;D) cytoplasm

Accepted Answer

The oxidative system, also known as the electron transport chain or oxidative phosphorylation, operates in the mitochondria of cells. This is where ATP is produced through the process of chemiosmosis, utilizing oxygen as the final electron acceptor.

Deck 5: Digestion and Absorption