Deck 1: Introduction to Research in Kinesiology

Question 1

Where were the first two kinesiology programs developed in Canada?

A) The University of Saskatchewan and the University of Alberta
B) McGill University and the University of Toronto
C) Simon Fraser University and the University of Waterloo
D) The University of British Columbia and Memorial University

Answer 1

C

Question 2

What two concepts represent a researcher's belief in the nature of truth and reality and how she or he might acquire knowledge about that truth and reality?

A) Science and research
B) Postpositivism and constructivism
C) Quantitative and qualitative
D) Ontology and epistemology

Answer 2

D

Question 3

What philosophical worldview is best represented in the following abstract?
This study was designed to explore the meaning of sport from the perspective of professional athletes. Ten athletes and their coaches participated in this study. Data were collected by means of observation and interviews, conducted at their training centres. Participants' data resulted in the following three themes: (a) more than a job, (b) building relationships and community, and (c) being held to a higher standard. The results showed the importance of sport to both athletes and coaches, as well as their influence on the cities in which they live and work.

A) Two-eyed seeing
B) Postpositivism
C) Constructivism
D) Pragmatism

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following rank order of philosophical worldviews best represents the highest likelihood of seeing a quantitative research approach (i.e., rank ordered from the worldview most likely to include a quantitative research approach to the worldview least likely to include a quantitative research approach)?

A) Transformative, constructivism, postpositivism, pragmatism
B) Postpositivism, pragmatism, transformative, constructivism
C) Constructivism, transformative, pragmatism, postpositivism
D) Pragmatism, postpositivism, constructivism, transformative

Question 5

What are the three main components of a research design?

A) Ontology, epistemology, ethical approval
B) Philosophical worldview, research approach, research methods
C) Quantitative, qualitative, mixed methods
D) Determinism, reductionism, theory testing

Question 6

What is a researcher's set of beliefs that guide her or his orientation to science and research called?

A) Purpose statement
B) Research design
C) Philosophical worldview
D) Ethical principle

Question 7

Which philosophical worldview is exemplified by researchers working collaboratively with participants and focusing on action to better change the lives of participants in the study?

A) Transformative
B) Two-eyed seeing
C) Pragmatism
D) Postpositivism

Question 8

What does a mixed methods research design combine?

A) Pragmatic and transformative philosophical worldview-guided research
B) Physiological and psychological research
C) Sport, health, and exercise research
D) Quantitative and qualitative research

Question 9

Which of the following rank order of philosophical worldviews best represents the highest likelihood of seeing a qualitative research approach (i.e., rank ordered from the worldview most likely to include a qualitative research approach to the worldview least likely to include a qualitative research approach)?

A) Transformative, constructivism, postpositivism, pragmatism
B) Postpositivism, pragmatism, transformative, constructivism
C) Constructivism, transformative, pragmatism, postpositivism
D) Pragmatism, postpositivism, constructivism, transformative

Question 10

Which of the following statements best reflects the field of kinesiology?

A) The field of kinesiology continues to grow and expand enormously.
B) The field of kinesiology has remained relatively static over the past 50 years.
C) The field of kinesiology has been remarkably useful in confirming historically accepted "facts" by experts in other fields of study.
D) The field of kinesiology has become decreasingly multidisciplinary and research focused since the development of kinesiology programs in Canada.

Question 11

Which of the following best represents the definition of "kinesiology"?

A) The study of applied health science
B) The study of physical education teacher training
C) The study of sport science
D) The study of human movement

Question 12

Which of the following would we typically see in a quantitative research study?

A) Small sample sizes and numerical data
B) Large sample sizes and numerical data
C) Small sample sizes and non-numerical data
D) Large sample sizes and non-numerical data

Question 13

Which of the following would we typically see in a qualitative research study?

A) Small sample sizes and numerical data
B) Large sample sizes and numerical data
C) Small sample sizes and non-numerical data
D) Large sample sizes and non-numerical data

Question 14

Which of the following is an accurate statement about a mixed methods research approach in kinesiology?

A) Mixed methods research designs in kinesiology can prioritize either one or both of quantitative and qualitative methods.
B) Mixed methods research designs in kinesiology prioritize quantitative over qualitative methods.
C) Mixed methods research designs in kinesiology prioritize qualitative over quantitative methods.
D) Mixed methods research designs in kinesiology are unique in that they do not include either quantitative or qualitative methods.

Question 15

Which of the following research questions is most likely best answered by a mixed methods research approach?

A) What is the relationship between physical activity and obesity in youth?
B) How do older adults cope with bullying in senior's social housing?
C) How do perceptions of masculinity affect men's body image?
D) How does self-esteem differ between male and female exercisers?

Question 16

The Canadian Health Measures Survey, which measures variables ranging from physical activity to muscular flexibility, is an example of what type of research approach?

A) A mixed methods research approach
B) A qualitative research approach
C) A quantitative research approach
D) A transformative research approach

Question 17

Clark et al.'s (2011) study that explored the physical activity experiences of young adolescent girls via interviews with eight participants is an example of what type of research approach?

A) A mixed methods research approach
B) A qualitative research approach
C) A quantitative research approach
D) A transformative research approach

Question 18

Ferguson et al.'s (2014) study that explored the role of self-compassion in young women athletes' psychological well-being across two phases, with the first phase using questionnaires across 83 athletes and the second phase having interviews with 11 athletes, is an example of what type of research approach?

A) A mixed methods research approach
B) A qualitative research approach
C) A quantitative research approach
D) A transformative research approach

Question 19

Which of the following rank order of philosophical worldviews best represents the highest likelihood of seeing a mixed methods research approach (i.e., rank ordered from the worldview most likely to include a mixed methods research approach to the worldview least likely to include a mixed methods research approach)?

A) Pragmatism, postpositivism, transformative
B) Pragmatism, transformative, postpositivism
C) Transformative, pragmatism, postpositivism
D) Transformative, postpositivism, pragmatism

Question 20

Which of the following rank order of philosophical worldviews best represents the highest likelihood of seeing collaboration with study participants as a main feature of the research approach (i.e., rank ordered from the worldview most likely to include collaboration with study participants to the worldview least likely to include collaboration with study participants)?

A) Pragmatism, postpositivism, transformative
B) Pragmatism, transformative, postpositivism
C) Transformative, pragmatism, postpositivism
D) Transformative, postpositivism, pragmatism

Question 21

Physical education teacher training is no longer an important aspect of kinesiology.

Question 22

A defining feature of a pragmatic philosophical worldview is being committed to one single notion of reality.

Question 23

A defining feature of a postpositivist philosophical worldview is being committed to a single reality or objective truth to be discovered through research.

Question 24

Researchers with a two-eyed seeing philosophical worldview position Indigenous ways of knowing over and above (i.e., dominating) Western ways of knowing.

Question 25

A defining feature of a constructivist philosophical worldview is that the researcher should be objective and unbiased.

Question 26

A defining feature of a two-eyed seeing philosophical worldview is valuing both Indigenous and Western knowledge systems.

Question 27

A transformative philosophical worldview is based on the notion that research needs to be closely connected with politics and have an action agenda to advocate for marginalized peoples.

Question 28

A combination of quantitative and qualitative research approaches should only be used by researchers with a pragmatism philosophical worldview.

Question 29

Using the scientific method is recommended for all researchers in kinesiology because of the importance placed on being objective and unbiased in research.

Question 30

Quantitative research studies require large sample sizes to be considered valid.

Question 31

List and define the three main components of a research design.

Question 32

Define the concept philosophical worldview and describe why it is so important to the research process.

Question 33

Describe why it is important for professionals working in any field of kinesiology to have an understanding of the research process.

Question 34

Provide a range of examples of professions in which we see graduates with kinesiology-related backgrounds.

Question 35

Describe what makes the concepts of science and research both similar and distinguishable from one another.

Question 36

Philosophical worldviews can be considered as guiding frameworks of research. Describe the distinguishing features among five philosophical worldviews, as well as how philosophical worldviews shape the specific research approach a researcher might take to answer her or his research questions.

Question 37

Write three fictional research abstracts in your area of interest, with each research abstract representing a different one of the three main research approaches (i.e., write one fictional research abstract for each of quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods research approaches). The abstracts should clearly indicate an understanding of the key characteristics that differentiate among quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods research approaches.

Question 38

Describe the value of recognizing a two-eyed seeing philosophical worldview to kinesiology research in the Canadian context.