Question 1

The Rohingyas are a Buddhist group that is persecuted in majority-Muslim Myanmar.

Accepted Answer

The Rohingyas are a Muslim minority group facing persecution in majority-Buddhist Myanmar.

Question 2

According to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), refugee status is declaratory, meaning that any person who qualifies as a refugee is by that very fact a refugee, regardless of the formal recognition of the host country.

Accepted Answer

Refugee status is indeed declaratory according to the UNHCR, meaning a person is considered a refugee once they meet the criteria outlined in international law, regardless of whether they have been formally recognized as such by a host country.

Question 3

When were the temporal limitations originally included as part of the definition of a 'refugee' in the Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees removed?&#10;A) 1955&#10;B) 1967&#10;C) 1995&#10;D) 2002

Accepted Answer

The temporal limitations originally included in the definition of a 'refugee' in the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees were removed by the 1967 Protocol, which expanded the scope of the Convention to cover refugees without any time limitations.

Question 4

The UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) was established in&#8230;&#10;A) 1928&#10;B) 1948&#10;C) 1950&#10;D) 1951

Accepted Answer

The UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) was established in 1950, following the aftermath of World War II, to help millions of Europeans who had fled or lost their homes.

Question 5

The 'fractioning' of the refugee label within forced migration studies refers to the multiplication of related labels used to manage intense migration flows and increasingly exclude more people from the legal protection of refugee status.

Accepted Answer

The 'fractioning' of the refugee label in forced migration studies describes the process where the original, broad category of 'refugee' is subdivided into more specific labels (such as "internally displaced persons," "asylum seekers," etc.). This proliferation of terms can lead to stricter interpretations of who qualifies for refugee status, potentially excluding individuals from protection who would have previously been included under a more general understanding of the term.

Question 6

Even though states have no obligation to grant asylum or admit refugees, they do have the obligation not to forcibly return asylum seekers to the countries where they are facing persecution; this is known as the right to non-refoulement.

Accepted Answer

The principle of non-refoulement is a fundamental aspect of international refugee law that prohibits states from returning asylum seekers to a country where they are likely to face persecution, torture, or other serious harm.

Question 7

According to the UN's 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, refugees are people who are outside their countries of origin and cannot return 'owing to well-founded fear of being persecuted' for which reason?

A) Race
B) Religion
C) Nationality
D) All of the options given are correct.

Accepted Answer

The 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees defines refugees as individuals who are outside their country of origin due to a well-founded fear of persecution based on race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group, or political opinion. Therefore, all the options given (race, religion, nationality) are correct reasons under the convention.

Question 8

According to B. S. Chimni, in what period was the refugee regime led by practical interests, such as attracting professional refugees, including medical doctors and scientists?&#10;A) 1914-45&#10;B) 1945-82&#10;C) 1980-2000&#10;D) 2001-present

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to B. S. Chimni, in what...

Question 9

Which of the following is not a category of forced migration as classified by the causes of displacement?&#10;A) Conflict-induced&#10;B) Groups or people of concern&#10;C) Human trafficking&#10;D) Development-induced

Accepted Answer

The categories of forced migration typically include conflict-induced, development-induced, and human trafficking. "Groups or people of concern" is not a category of forced migration by causes of displacement; instead, it refers to a classification used by organizations like the UNHCR to identify people who need protection or assistance, such as refugees, asylum-seekers, internally displaced people, and stateless persons.

Question 10

Voluntary migration is usually based on economic calculations, although some argue that the line between voluntary and forced migration is blurring.

Accepted Answer

Voluntary migration is often driven by economic factors, such as the search for better job opportunities or living conditions. However, the distinction between voluntary and forced migration can become unclear, especially in situations where individuals feel compelled to move due to economic hardship, environmental degradation, or other pressures that may not be as immediate or direct as conflict or persecution.

Question 11

Reports that focus on gang- and drug-related violence as major motivations for forced migration in Central America overlook two factors: the region is very rich in biodiversity, minerals, and other valuable natural resources; and the region is plagued by other types of violence, such as femicide, killings of environmental activists, and political murders.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Reports that focus on gang- and drug-related...

Question 12

People in refugee-like situations are&#8230;&#10;A) A category that includes refugees, internally displaced persons, and those denied asylum who have returned to their home countries.&#10;B) Asylum seekers who have proved before a judge or immigration officer a well-founded fear of persecution.&#10;C) People who are outside their country of origin and face risks similar to those of refugees, but who have not yet been granted refugee status.&#10;D) Individuals who cross international borders seeking protection, but whose claim for refugee status is still pending.

Accepted Answer

The answer of People in refugee-like situations are&#8230;&#10;A) A category...

Question 13

The Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration and the Global Compact on Refugees (2018)&#8230;&#10;A) Are non-binding instruments.&#10;B) Are intended to prevent asylum seekers and migrants from reaching the West.&#10;C) Transfer the responsibility for refugee crises to Third World countries.&#10;D) All of the options given are correct.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and...

Question 14

As of 2017, there were approximately how many forced migrants worldwide?&#10;A) 25.4 million&#10;B) 40 million&#10;C) 68.5 million&#10;D) None of the options given are correct.

Accepted Answer

The answer of As of 2017, there were approximately how...

Question 15

Gender considerations have been a formal part of the UN's refugee regime since the 1951 Convention.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Gender considerations have been a formal part...

Deck 25: Refugees and Forced Migration