Deck 8: Employee Behavior and Motivation

Question 1

In terms of a psychological contract,inducements represent what employees will contribute to an organization.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

When people feel they are being inequitably treated,they are likely to ask for raises,increase their efforts,and work longer hours.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Job rotation is a form of job enrichment.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Empathy is a dimension of emotional intelligence.

Question 5

According to the classical theory of motivation,attention from the supervisor is more of a motivator than money.

Question 6

With job rotation,conventional office space is redesigned to accommodate jobs that are less dependent on assigned spaces.

Question 7

The essence behind management by objectives (MBO)is that performance goals are used to direct and motivate behavior.

Question 8

Performance behaviors contribute directly to company productivity.

Question 9

The benefits of organizational citizenship are more indirect than the benefits of performance behaviors.

Question 10

Performance behaviors are always easy to assess.

Question 11

With job sharing,companies often experience increased turnover.

Question 12

Two-factor theory examines the relationship between effort and performance.

Question 13

Emotional intelligence does not play a role in employee personality.

Question 14

According to expectancy theory,people are motivated to work toward rewards that they want and that they believe they have a reasonable chance of obtaining.

Question 15

Some people use the word morale instead of job satisfaction.

Question 16

According to Theory Y managers,employees are resistant to change and seek responsibility.

Question 17

Under a flextime program,employees can choose their own work hours,within guidelines set by the employer.

Question 18

According to Maslow,needs are hierarchical because lower-level needs must be met before higher-level needs.

Question 19

A psychological contract is a person's set of expectations regarding what he or she will contribute to the organization and what the organization will provide in return.

Question 20

Participation and empowerment work more effectively in large firms than in small firms.

Question 21

Balancing anxiety,fear,and anger so that they do not overly interfere with getting things accomplished is a part of emotional intelligence.

Question 22

McGregor argued that Theory Y managers are less likely to have satisfied,motivated employees.

Question 23

Equity theory is based on the premise that workers prefer a workplace where all employees are paid equally.

Question 24

A good person-job fit is one in which the employee's contributions match the inducements the organization offers.

Question 25

The use of teams can increase motivation and job satisfaction.

Question 26

In a work-share program,employees work in teams to achieve goals.

Question 27

The researchers studying the Hawthorne Works concluded that productivity rose in response to almost any management action that workers interpreted as special attention.

Question 28

According to Herzberg's two-factor theory,people are motivated to work toward rewards that they want and that they believe they have a reasonable chance of obtaining.

Question 29

Individuals may satisfy social needs by making and maintaining friendships at work.

Question 30

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs,once a set of needs has been satisfied,it ceases to motivate behavior.

Question 31

Individuals with high levels of organizational commitment are unlikely to overlook minor sources of dissatisfaction.

Question 32

All organizations face the basic challenge of managing psychological contracts.

Question 33

According to many experts,motivational impact is the biggest advantage of MBO.

Question 34

Positive reinforcement is used when a company or manager provides a reward when employees exhibit desired behaviors.

Question 35

Organizational commitment reflects an individual's identification with the organization and its mission.

Question 36

According to Maslow,a set of needs continues to motivate behavior even after the set of needs has been satisfied.

Question 37

If an employee senses inequity in the psychological contract,he/she may look for a better job elsewhere.

Question 38

According to research,emotional intelligence cannot be developed or learned.

Question 39

High levels of job satisfaction inevitably lead to higher levels of productivity.

Question 40

According to Herzberg's two-factor theory,managers should ensure hygiene factors are acceptable,then offer motivation factors as a means of improving satisfaction and motivation.

Question 41

Motivation factors are directly related to the work that employees perform; hygiene factors refer to the environment in which they work.

Question 42

For an individual to feel equitably treated,his ratio of contribution to return must be the same as the other individual's ratio with whom he or she is comparing.

Question 43

Agreeableness,emotionality,and extroversion are all part of ________.

A) EQ
B) emotional intelligence
C) personality
D) attitude

Question 44

________ refers to one's ability to understand how others feel.

A) Self-awareness
B) Managing emotions
C) Empathy
D) Agreeableness

Question 45

Among the new forms of inducements some companies are providing are additional training opportunities and increased flexibility in work schedules.

Question 46

________ is the positive behaviors that do not directly contribute to the bottom line.

A) Performance behavior
B) Employee behavior
C) Counterproductive behavior
D) Organizational citizenship

Question 47

________ are the total set of work-related behaviors that the organization expects employees to display.

A) Organizational citizenship
B) Performance behaviors
C) Counterproductive behaviors
D) Employees behaviors

Question 48

________ refers to one's ability to get along with others.

A) Self-awareness
B) Managing emotions
C) Empathy
D) Agreeableness

Question 49

Self-awareness,empathy,and social skills are all part of ________.

A) attitudes
B) emotional intelligence
C) personality
D) self-esteem

Question 50

Which statement is true regarding individual differences?

A) Individual differences vary from person to person.
B) Individual differences among employees focus primarily on physical differences.
C) Individual differences among employees are not likely to be emotional.
D) Individual differences are rarely physical.

Question 51

________ is the pattern of actions by members of an organization that directly or indirectly influences the organization's effectiveness.

A) Organizational citizenship
B) Employee behavior
C) Performance behavior
D) Counterproductive behavior

Question 52

Personality and attitudes are dimensions of ________.

A) emotional intelligence
B) individual differences among employees
C) agreeableness
D) emotionality

Question 53

MBO involves managers and subordinates in setting goals and evaluating progress.

Question 54

Even if hygiene factors have been satisfied,at least one motivation factor must be present for an employee to be motivated.

Question 55

Following the Hawthorne studies,managers began to focus more on money and other tangible motivators in the workplace.

Question 56

Expectancy theory suggests that a student will study harder if she thinks there is a greater chance of getting an A.

Question 57

Job enrichment includes combining tasks,forming natural work groups,and establishing client relationships.

Question 58

Hygiene factors affect motivation only if they are absent or fail to meet expectations.

Question 59

Counterproductive behaviors include all but which of the following?

A) absenteeism
B) turnover
C) theft
D) emotionality

Question 60

For an individual to feel equitably treated,her ratio of contribution to return must only be fair,not necessarily the same,when compared with other individuals' ratios.

Question 61

Another word for job satisfaction is ________.

A) human relations
B) job placement
C) morale
D) motivation

Question 62

Which statement is FALSE regarding MBO?

A) MBO is a method for setting performance goals.
B) The first step in MBO is to establish overall organizational goals.
C) MBO gives employees options concerning work schedules.
D) MBO involves frequent meeting and communication.

Question 63

Morale is sometimes referred to as ________.

A) job satisfaction
B) agreeableness
C) self-awareness
D) organizational commitment

Question 64

Job rotation is a type of ________ program.

A) job redesign
B) job enrichment
C) MBO
D) goal-setting

Question 65

Employees are given a voice in how they do their jobs and how the company is managed in ________.

A) a piecework system
B) job enrichment
C) job design
D) participative management and empowerment

Question 66

The set of forces that cause people to behave in certain ways is called ________.

A) morale
B) satisfaction
C) behavior modification
D) motivation

Question 67

Which of the following theories focuses on people evaluating their treatment by the organization relative to the treatment of others?

A) goal-setting theory
B) hierarchy of needs
C) expectancy theory
D) equity theory

Question 68

A good person-job fit is a situation in which ________.

A) the employee's contributions and the company's inducements balance
B) the employee's contributions slightly exceed the company's inducements
C) the company's inducements slightly exceed the employee's contributions
D) the person hired for the job is qualified for it

Question 69

According to which theory are workers motivated solely by money?

A) behavior theory
B) human relations theory
C) two-factor theory
D) classical theory

Question 70

________ is the tendency for productivity to increase when workers believe they are receiving special attention from management.

A) The Hawthorne effect
B) Behavior modification
C) Positive reinforcement
D) Expectancy

Question 71

Douglas believes that his employees are self-motivated and growth-oriented.He is a ________ manager.

A) classical
B) Theory Y
C) Theory X
D) Hierarchical

Question 72

According to which of the following theorists do job satisfaction and dissatisfaction depend on hygiene and motivation factors?

A) McGregor
B) Taylor
C) Maslow
D) Herzberg

Question 73

Managers who subscribe to ________ believe that people are naturally energetic,growth-oriented,self-motivated,and interested in being productive.

A) scientific management
B) Theory X
C) Theory Y
D) two-factor theory

Question 74

Managers who subscribe to ________ believe that people are naturally lazy and uncooperative and must be either punished or rewarded to be made productive.

A) two-factor theory
B) Theory Y
C) Theory X
D) equity theory

Question 75

Which of the following theories suggest that people are motivated to work toward rewards that they want and that they believe they have a reasonable chance of obtaining?

A) scientific management
B) two-factor theory
C) expectancy theory
D) equity theory

Question 76

Which of the following restructures work to achieve a more satisfactory fit between workers and their jobs?

A) job redesign
B) team management
C) MBO
D) participative management

Question 77

________ is a system of collaborative goal setting that extends from the top of an organization to the bottom.

A) Equity theory
B) Two-factor theory
C) MBO
D) Empowerment

Question 78

A(n)________ is the set of expectations held by employees concerning what they will contribute to an organization and what the organization will provide in return.

A) psychological contract
B) employee contract
C) inducement
D) contribution

Question 79

Feelings of fairness as compared to others are explained in ________.

A) equity theory
B) expectancy theory
C) classical theory
D) scientific management

Question 80

Through ________,employees are given a voice in how they do their jobs and how the company is managed.

A) expectancy
B) job rotation
C) participative management
D) job enrichment