Deck 9: Leadership and Decision Making

Question 1

Top managers,in particular,are now being called on to maintain high ethical standards for their own conduct.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Transformational leadership involves managing change.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Research suggests that female leaders are more nurturing or supportive than male leaders.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

The more important the decision,the more attention is directed to developing alternatives.

Question 5

According to research,taking over a leadership role from a charismatic leader is less challenging than taking over after a leader lacking charisma.

Question 6

Strategic leadership relates leadership to the role of top management.

Question 7

Transactional leadership involves normal,routine transactions,including assigning work and evaluating performance.

Question 8

Leadership substitutes may make leadership unnecessary or irrelevant.

Question 9

The trait approach to leadership proved to be inconsistent.

Question 10

Alice has chosen one alternative from among several options; she has just engaged in decision making.

Question 11

There is a trend in leaders becoming coaches instead of overseers.

Question 12

The behavioral approach to leadership suggested that dominance and energy signaled effective leadership behaviors.

Question 13

Japan is characterized by collectivism,whereas the United States is characterized by individualism.

Question 14

Someone with charisma is more likely to be able to influence others than someone without charisma.

Question 15

Ethical norms,managerial authority,and available technology may all constrain decision-making.

Question 16

Leadership and management mean the same thing.

Question 17

Leadership neutralizers tend to outweigh a leader's ability to affect a subordinate's performance.

Question 18

Organizations need both leadership and management if they are to be effective.

Question 19

A coaching role may include taking on responsibilities as a mentor.

Question 20

Both transactional and charismatic leadership are approaches to leadership as seen through the eyes of followers.

Question 21

Virtual management refers to the role of leaders in a team environment.

Question 22

Top managers are being held accountable for their actions and the consequences of those actions.

Question 23

Strategic leadership is a leader's ability to understand the complexities of both the organization and its environment.

Question 24

Virtual managers benefit from having considerable non-verbal communication.

Question 25

The ethical behavior of top management is less of a concern today compared to the past.

Question 26

High levels of experience and group cohesiveness among subordinates cannot neutralize leadership.

Question 27

Stimuli for making a decision can be positive or negative.

Question 28

More research is needed in order to better understand the dynamics of gender and leadership.

Question 29

The behavioral approach to leadership assumes that appropriate leader behavior varies from one situation to another.

Question 30

Women tend to be more democratic in making decisions,whereas men tend to be more autocratic.

Question 31

The organization's culture is a prime ingredient in fostering different levels of risk propensity.

Question 32

Many organizations are attempting to become less hierarchical.

Question 33

Managers tend to focus on establishing detailed steps and timetables for achieving needed results,while leaders focus on developing a vision of the future and strategies for producing the changes needed to achieve that vision.

Question 34

Managers with a high degree of risk propensity tend to rely heavily on intuition.

Question 35

People often resist change because of inconvenience the change may bring or because of their fear of the unknown.

Question 36

The behavioral approach to leadership focuses on determining what behaviors are employed by effective leaders.

Question 37

Escalation of commitment is the extent to which a decision-maker is willing to gamble when making a decision.

Question 38

A manager working in the U.S.will see a high level of collectivism among workers.

Question 39

All managers are leaders but not all leaders are managers.

Question 40

Rigid rules and procedures and individual professionalism may render leader behavior unnecessary.

Question 41

Most leaders can successfully demonstrate transactional and transformational leadership.

Question 42

Female leaders tend to be more nurturing and supportive than male leaders.

Question 43

Intelligence,dominance,and energy were believed to be ________ traits among early researchers.

A) leadership
B) behavioral
C) situational
D) all of the above

Question 44

The earliest research on leadership focused on ________.

A) leadership behaviors
B) leadership traits
C) leadership situations
D) gender differences

Question 45

Male leaders are not systemically more task-focused than female leaders.

Question 46

According to Kotter,when executing plans,leaders focus on ________.

A) aligning people
B) controlling and problem solving
C) organizing and staffing
D) motivating and inspiring

Question 47

According to Kotter,when creating an agenda,managers focus on ________.

A) establishing direction
B) controlling and problem solving
C) organizing and staffing
D) planning and budgeting

Question 48

According to Kotter,when developing a human network for achieving the agenda,leaders focus on ________.

A) aligning people
B) controlling and problem solving
C) organizing and staffing
D) motivating and inspiring

Question 49

Leaders at Enron,Boeing,and AIG are recognized as having demonstrated ethical leadership.

Question 50

According to Kotter,when developing a human network for achieving the agenda,managers focus on ________.

A) aligning people
B) controlling and problem solving
C) organizing and staffing
D) motivating and inspiring

Question 51

A coalition is a formal group of individuals who make decisions.

Question 52

What were the earliest approaches to leadership?

A) trait approaches
B) behavioral approaches
C) situational approaches
D) rational approaches

Question 53

According to Kotter,when executing plans,managers focus on ________.

A) aligning people
B) controlling and problem solving
C) organizing and staffing
D) motivating and inspiring

Question 54

When making a decision,finding multiple acceptable alternatives may be possible; however,selecting just one and rejecting all others is critical.

Question 55

According to Kotter,when creating an agenda,leaders focus on ________.

A) planning and budgeting
B) controlling and problem solving
C) establishing direction
D) organizing and staffing

Question 56

Leadership ________.

A) refers to a manager choosing one alternative from among several options
B) refers to both processes and behaviors used by someone to motivate, inspire, and influence the behavior of others
C) means the same thing as management
D) focuses on outlining procedures, creating structure, monitoring results, and working toward tangible outcomes

Question 57

Managers focus on plans,results,and goals,whereas leaders focus on ________.

A) productivity
B) profitability
C) people
D) sales

Question 58

Few studies have specifically attempted to test the meaning and impact of charismatic leadership.

Question 59

Most leadership theories and studies have focused on gender differences.

Question 60

When managers have a "hunch" that a selected alternative is the best one,that feeling is usually arbitrary.

Question 61

Early studies of the trait approach to leadership were ________.

A) a major breakthrough
B) inconsistent
C) consistent
D) based on only two people

Question 62

Employee-focused leader behavior occurs when a leader focuses on ________.

A) how tasks should be performed
B) satisfaction
C) the well-being of his or her employees
D) both satisfaction and the well-being of his or her employees

Question 63

Virtual leadership results from ________.

A) employees working in the same physical location
B) more face-to-face communication among employees
C) telecommuting
D) little communication among employees

Question 64

The norms of a group may be so strong that there is nothing a new leader can do to change things.What does this illustrate?

A) charisma
B) neutralizers
C) substitutes
D) cross-cultural patterns

Question 65

Alice Baker works in a strategic leadership position.In which managerial level does she most likely work?

A) top
B) middle
C) supervisory
D) first-line

Question 66

________ allow(s)employees to perform capably without the direction of a leader.

A) Leadership neutralizers
B) Leadership substitutes
C) Motivation factors
D) Virtual leadership

Question 67

Bob,Joe,and Larry all agree that they will perform their jobs well,regardless of who will be assigned to supervise their department.What does this illustrate?

A) intuition
B) presence of a leadership neutralizer
C) presence of a leadership substitute
D) risk propensity

Question 68

Which of the following may be substitutes for leadership?

A) a loose reward structure
B) close distance between employees and the supervisor
C) explicit goals
D) money

Question 69

Strategic leadership relates leadership to ________ management.

A) top
B) middle
C) supervisory
D) all layers of

Question 70

Bill Lopez spends most of his time performing normal,routine tasks; he is primarily involved with ________.

A) problem solving
B) transformational leadership
C) situational leadership
D) transactional leadership

Question 71

Task-focused leader behavior occurs when a leader focuses on ________.

A) how tasks should be performed
B) which tasks should be performed
C) satisfaction
D) motivation

Question 72

In referring to cross-cultural leadership,culture refers to ________.

A) international differences
B) diversity-based differences within one culture
C) international differences and diversity-based differences within one culture
D) neither international differences nor diversity-based differences within one culture

Question 73

To be an effective strategic leader,a manager needs to have an understanding of the organization's ________.

A) history
B) strengths and weaknesses
C) culture
D) all of the above

Question 74

Transformational leadership is closer to the general notion of ________.

A) planning
B) organizing
C) leadership
D) controlling

Question 75

Charismatic leaders tend to ________.

A) set high expectations for themselves
B) energize others
C) express confidence in others
D) all of the above

Question 76

Japan is characterized by ________,whereas the United States is based on ________.

A) leadership traits; leadership behaviors
B) individualism; collectivism
C) ethical leadership; virtual leadership
D) collectivism; individualism

Question 77

The premise of the leadership substitutes perspective is that leader behaviors may be ________ in some situations.

A) ineffective
B) irreplaceable
C) neutralizers
D) mandatory

Question 78

Transactional leadership is essentially the same as ________.

A) management
B) controlling
C) planning
D) organizing

Question 79

A ________ helps a less experienced person learn the ropes and better prepare him or her to advance within the firm.

A) charismatic leader
B) mentor
C) task-focused leader
D) neutralizer

Question 80

Recent corporate scandals at firms like Enron have brought increased attention to ________.

A) virtual leadership
B) ethical leadership
C) strategic leadership
D) charismatic leadership