Question 1

An extent to which two variables are related across a group of participants is measured by what procedure?&#10;A) Descriptive statistics&#10;B) Correlation&#10;C) Standard Deviation&#10;D) Inferential Statistics

Accepted Answer

Correlation is the statistical technique used to determine the degree to which two variables are related to one another within a group of participants.

Question 2

When students who scored high on the Sat-V also have high GPAs, what type of relationship is this?&#10;A) Direct relationship&#10;B) Inverse relationship&#10;C) Negative relationship&#10;D) Causal relationship

Accepted Answer

A direct relationship means that as one variable increases, the other variable also increases. In this case, high SAT-V scores are associated with high GPAs, indicating a direct relationship.

Question 3

When participants with high self-concept scores have relatively low depression sores, what type of relationship is this?&#10;A) Direct relationship&#10;B) Inverse relationship&#10;C) Negative relationship&#10;D) Causal relationship

Accepted Answer

An inverse relationship is a relationship in which as one variable increases, the other variable decreases. In this case, as self-concept scores increase, depression scores decrease.

Question 4

It is important to note that just because a correlation between two variables is observed, it does not necessarily indicate that there is a causal relationship between the variables.

Accepted Answer

Correlation indicates a relationship or association between two variables, but it does not prove that one variable causes the other to change. Causation requires establishing that changes in one variable directly result in changes in another, which correlation alone cannot demonstrate.

Question 5

In order to look for a cause-and-effect, what kind of study needs to be conducted in which different treatments are administered to the participants?&#10;A) Cause-and-effect study&#10;B) Controlled experimental study&#10;C) Non-experimental study

Accepted Answer

Controlled experimental studies are designed to determine cause-and-effect relationships by administering different treatments to participants and observing the outcomes. This allows researchers to control for variables and directly assess the impact of the treatments.

Question 6

Correlational studies show a relationship between variables. Therefore, it is generally inappropriate to infer causality from a correlational study. So such studies generally have no value.

Accepted Answer

Correlational studies are valuable for identifying potential relationships between variables, which can inform further research, including experimental studies that may explore causality.

Question 7

What effect does it have when there are exceptions to the overall trend in a relationship between two variables?&#10;A) It increases the relationship&#10;B) It decreases the relationship&#10;C) It is irrelevant to the relationship

Accepted Answer

Exceptions to the overall trend in a relationship between two variables decrease the strength of the relationship by introducing variability that does not fit the general pattern.

Deck 16: Correlation