Question 1

What type of hypothesis states that the true difference between the means in the population is zero?&#10;A) Null hypothesis&#10;B) Alternative hypothesis&#10;C) Directional research hypothesis&#10;D) Research hypothesis

Accepted Answer

The null hypothesis typically states that there is no effect or no difference, which means it posits that the true difference between the means in the population is zero.

Question 2

the null hypothesis is a possible explanation for an observed difference when there are sampling errors.

Accepted Answer

The null hypothesis suggests that any observed difference is due to sampling error or random chance, rather than a true effect or relationship.

Question 3

What does the following expression represent, where µ₁ is the symbol for the population mean for one group and µ₂ is the symbol for the population mean for the other group?
H₁: µ₁ ≠ µ₂

A) Null hypothesis
B) Alternative hypothesis
C) Directional research hypothesis
D) Research hypothesis

Accepted Answer

The expression represents the alternative hypothesis, which suggests that there is a difference between the population means of two groups.

Question 4

What type of hypothesis states that one particular group's average is higher than the other group's?&#10;A) Null hypothesis&#10;B) Non-directional research hypothesis&#10;C) Directional research hypothesis&#10;D) Research hypothesis

Accepted Answer

A directional research hypothesis specifies the direction of the expected differences or relationships (e.g., one group's average is higher than the other's), unlike a non-directional hypothesis which only suggests a difference exists without specifying the direction.

Question 5

What does the following expression represent, where µ₁ is the symbol for the population mean for one group and µ₂ is the symbol for the population mean for the other group?
H₁: µ₁ > µ₂

A) Null hypothesis
B) Non-directional research hypothesis
C) Directional research hypothesis
D) Research hypothesis

Accepted Answer

The expression represents a directional research hypothesis because it specifies a direction of difference (greater than) between the population means of two groups.

Question 6

Which of the following expressions indicates that there is a difference between two means being compared? A) H₀: µ₁ − µ₂ = 0 B) H₁: µ₁ > µ₂ C) H₁: µ₁ ≠ µ₂

Accepted Answer

H₁: µ₁ ≠ µ₂ indicates that there is a difference between two means being compared.

Question 7

Which hypothesis states that a mean difference between two groups is due to sampling error?&#10;A) Null Hypothesis&#10;B) Alternative Hypothesis&#10;C) Directional Hypothesis&#10;D) Nondirectional Hypothesis

Accepted Answer

The Null Hypothesis typically states that there is no effect or no difference between groups, implying that any observed difference is due to sampling error or chance.

Question 8

Which statement is NOT true about a null hypothesis?&#10;A) The true difference between the means (in the population) is zero&#10;B) There is no true difference between the means&#10;C) The observed difference between the sample means was created by sampling error&#10;D) The girls achieved a higher mean in reading than boys

Accepted Answer

The null hypothesis is a statement that there is no effect or no difference, and it is used as a starting point for statistical testing. Statements A, B, and C are consistent with the concept of a null hypothesis, which generally posits no true difference or effect. Statement D, however, asserts a specific outcome (girls achieving a higher mean in reading than boys), which is not a characteristic of a null hypothesis. A null hypothesis would not specify which group has a higher mean, only that any observed difference could be due to chance.

Question 9

Which symbol shows two-tailed hypothesis test? A) H₁: μ₁< μ₂ B) H₁: μ₁> μ₂ C) H₁: μ₁≠ μ₂

Accepted Answer

The symbol "≠" in option C indicates a two-tailed hypothesis test, where the hypothesis is testing for the possibility of a difference in either direction (greater than or less than) between two means or proportions.

Question 10

Which symbol shows that there is no difference between two means? A) H₁: μ₁< μ₂ B) H₁: μ₁> μ₂ C) H₁: μ₁≠ μ₂ D) Ho: μ₁-μ₂ = 0

Accepted Answer

The correct symbol for showing there is no difference between two means is represented by an equation stating that the difference between the means equals zero, which is option D.

Question 11

In each of the following situations, please identify the NULL HYPOTHESIS and the ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESIS
A group of 100 athletes were randomly chosen to try a new energy drink. Among them, 50 athletes were given the new energy drink and the remaining 50 athletes were given a placebo drink. The 50 athletes with the new energy drink reported having more energy while only 30 athletes given a placebo drink reported to have more energy.
a. The energy drink gave the athletes more energy. ____________________
b. Overall, there is no significant difference in the energy level between the two groups. ____________________________

Accepted Answer

The answer of In each of the following situations, please...

Deck 19: Introduction to Hypothesis Testing