Deck 10: Contrast Media and Special Radiographic Techniques

Question 1

A measure of the resistance of fluid to flow is called its:

A) osmolality.
B) viscosity.
C) toxicity.
D) hydrostatic pressure.

Answer 1

viscosity.

Question 2

Contrast media utilized for examinations of the urinary tract and the vascular system are various forms of:

A) iodized oil.
B) barium sulfate.
C) water-soluble iodine compounds.
D) gases.

Answer 2

water-soluble iodine compounds.

Question 3

The principal laboratory tests used to evaluate renal function before the injection of iodinated contrast media are the BUN and:

A) complete blood cell count (CBC).
B) creatinine.
C) urinalysis.
D) bilirubin.

Answer 3

creatinine.

Question 4

Lactic acidosis is a potentially fatal condition that may occur in diabetic patients who suffer kidney failure following contrast medium administration while taking medications that contain:

A) methylcellulose.
B) metrizamide.
C) metformin hydrochloride.
D) methylglucamine.

Question 5

Today,ethiodized oil is used primarily for examination of the:

A) spinal canal.
B) lymphatic system.
C) uterus and fallopian tubes.
D) bronchial tree.

Question 6

Gases commonly used as contrast agents are air and:

A) carbon dioxide.
B) hydrogen.
C) helium.
D) oxygen.

Question 7

Low-osmolar contrast agents,as compared to high-osmolar agents,are:
1)more toxic.
2)less likely to initiate an allergic response.
3)more likely to cause nausea.

A) 1 only
B) 2 only
C) 1 and 2 only
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 8

For approximately 8 hours following myelography,the patient is:

A) placed supine with the head elevated.
B) placed prone with the head lower than the feet.
C) under NPO orders.
D) encouraged to be ambulatory.

Question 9

When a T-tube is properly placed,the cross-bar of the T rests in the:
1)hepatic duct.
2)common bile duct.
3)cystic duct.

A) 1 only
B) 2 only
C) 1 and 2 only
D) 2 and 3 only

Question 10

Which of the following conditions is LEAST likely to be an adverse reaction to the intravenous injection of aqueous iodinated contrast media?

A) Nausea
B) Hypertension
C) Urticaria
D) Anaphylactic shock

Question 11

The toxic effect of a contrast medium on body tissues and organs is related to:
1)the chemical configuration of its molecules.
2)its iodine concentration and its osmolality.
3)its ionization characteristics.
4)the dosage administered and the rate of injection.

A) 1 only
B) 1 and 2 only
C) 1, 2, and 3 only
D) 1, 2, 3, and 4

Question 12

Which of the following listings is the most reliable predictor of risk of allergic response to contrast media?

A) Intradermal skin test
B) Seafood allergy
C) Allergy history
D) Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level

Question 13

A cystogram is a study of the:

A) gallbladder.
B) kidneys.
C) urinary bladder.
D) cystic duct.

Question 14

A substantial intravenous dose delivered rapidly is called a(n):

A) drip infusion.
B) insufflation.
C) bolus.
D) macroinjection.

Question 15

Which of the following data will the radiologist need before injection of a contrast medium for an excretory urogram?
1)Allergy history
2)Baseline blood pressure
3)BUN and creatinine levels

A) 1 only
B) 1 and 2 only
C) 1 and 3 only
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 16

An ionic iodinated contrast agent is one that:

A) does not cause nausea.
B) has low osmolality.
C) is less toxic than nonionic agents.
D) dissociates into charged particles in solution.

Question 17

For breakfast or lunch on the day preceding an oral cholecystogram,the patient's diet should contain:

A) some fat.
B) no fat.
C) low-residue foods.
D) clear liquids only.

Question 18

The number of particles in solution per kilogram of water is called the _____ of the solution.

A) osmolality
B) ionicity
C) viscosity
D) ionic weight toxicity ratio

Question 19

ERCP stands for:

A) endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.
B) external reciprocal cholangiopancreatography.
C) ethiodol-related circulatory pathology.
D) enteroclysis retrograde catheterization and paracentesis.

Question 20

A procedure in which a thin needle is inserted directly into the common bile duct is called:

A) surgical cholangiography.
B) T-tube cholangiography.
C) intravenous cholangiography
D) percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography.

Question 21

A device called a manometer may be used as part of the procedure when performing which of the following examinations?

A) Retrograde urography
B) Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography
C) Contrast arthrography
D) Myelography

Question 22

Images made within the first 3 minutes after injection for excretory urography that demonstrate a hazy opacification to the entire kidney structure are referred to as:

A) tomograms.
B) nephrograms.
C) pyelograms.
D) glomerulograms.

Question 23

A special procedure in which one or more contrast media is used to detect injury and disease of the joint cartilage as well as abnormalities of a joint capsule is called:

A) aortography.
B) cholecystography.
C) arthrography.
D) arthropathy.

Question 24

Which of the listed biliary imaging procedures presents high risk to the patient and is usually attempted only when immediate information is needed and more conservative approaches are not practical or have been unsuccessful?

A) ERCP
B) PTC
C) IVC
D) T-tube cholangiography

Question 25

When iodinated media are mixed with incompatible medications,the contrast agent may undergo a chemical change,resulting in solid particles that precipitate with potential for very serious consequences.To avoid the possibility of this complication when injecting medication through an existing IV line,you should:

A) draw back on the syringe and check for precipitate before injecting.
B) look up the medication in a suitable reference to be sure it is compatible.
C) flush the catheter with saline before and after injection of the contrast medium.
D) use only isosmolar contrast agents in this situation.

Question 26

Which of the following interspaces is commonly selected as a site for lumbar puncture to instill a contrast agent for myelography?

A) C6-C7
B) T6-T7
C) T12-L1
D) L3-L4

Question 27

Drugs that have a diuretic effect cause:

A) increased urine production.
B) decreased urine production.
C) reduction of hyperglycemia.
D) sedation and drowsiness.

Question 28

Which of the following types of contrast media must be injected using a glass syringe rather than a plastic one?

A) Carbon dioxide
B) Aqueous iodine media
C) Oil-based iodine media
D) Nonionic iodine media

Question 29

A device to drain bile from the hepatic and common bile ducts to the outside of the body following cholecystectomy is called a:

A) trocar.
B) stent.
C) Penrose drain.
D) T-tube.

Question 30

Biliary calculi may be removed from the common bile duct using a "stone basket" attached to a gastroscope in the procedure called:

A) ERCP.
B) PTC.
C) VCUG.
D) T-tube cholangiography.

Question 31

Aqueous iodine compounds that are injected into the body are removed from the blood and excreted:

A) in urine via the kidneys.
B) in bile via the digestive tract.
C) in gaseous form via the respiratory tract.
D) as components of sweat.

Question 32

Which of the listed biliary imaging procedures is no longer performed because of risks associated with the contrast medium that was used?

A) ERCP
B) PTC
C) IVC
D) T-tube cholangiography

Question 33

When a contrast medium is described as aqueous,this means that:

A) it is in the form of a gas and provides negative contrast.
B) water is the principal solvent for the iodine compound.
C) it is a nonionic iodinated medium.
D) the medium is isosmolar.

Question 34

An intrathecal injection is a direct injection into the:

A) common bile duct.
B) spinal canal.
C) peritoneal cavity.
D) urinary bladder.

Question 35

An examination that uses contrast media to visualize the internal surfaces of the spinal canal to aid in the diagnosis of conditions characterized by deformity or crowding of the spinal canal is called a:

A) spinogram.
B) myelogram.
C) cystourethrogram.
D) cholangiogram.