Deck 5: Relativism and Skepticism

Question 1

Gorgias was a Sophist.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Gorgias was wealthy.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Protagoras was a Sophist.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Gorgias wrote a book titled, On Truth.

Question 5

Protagoras advocated skepticism.

Question 6

Protagoras advocated relativism.

Question 7

Gorgias and Socrates were contemporaries.

Question 8

Protagoras was a Sophist.

Question 9

Gorgias was a Sophist.

Question 10

Protagoras was a student of Socrates.

Question 11

Gorgias was a student of Socrates.

Question 12

Socrates argued that all truth is subjective.

Question 13

One problem with alethic relativism, according to the text, is that if it is true, then nobody has ever been mistaken about anything.

Question 14

Socrates studied under Protagoras.

Question 15

Socrates studied under Gorgias.

Question 16

What is a cognitive bias?

Question 17

Select one cognitive bias from the text. Explain it and explain how it can be corrected.

Question 18

Why are cognitive biases a barrier to critical thinking?

Question 19

Which cognitive bias is the most common in our society today?

Question 20

Which cognitive bias is most socially harmful? Why do you think so?

Question 21

According to the text, Socrates was not a Sophist.

Question 22

Socrates argued that if you believe something is true, then it is true for you.

Question 23

Socrates advocated skepticism.

Question 24

Protagoras was famous as an advocate of skepticism.

Question 25

Gorgias was known for his advocacy of relativism.

Question 26

Socrates was an intellectual opponent of the Sophists.

Question 27

Protagoras was a wealthy teacher.

Question 28

Socrates argued that if relativism is true, nobody can ever err.

Question 29

Protagoras advocated moral relativism.

Question 30

Social conformism is a consequence of societal relativism.

Question 31

Socrates advocated individual relativism.

Question 32

Gorgias advocated global skepticism.

Question 33

Protagoras did not advocate the global form of relativism.

Question 34

Socrates believed that relativism is a dangerous idea.

Question 35

Socrates said, "Man is the measure of all things."

Question 36

Gorgias said, "Man is the measure of all things."

Question 37

Protagoras said, "Man is the measure of all things."

Question 38

Socrates held the JTB theory of knowledge.

Question 39

Socrates opposed moral subjectivism.

Question 40

Socrates advocated cultural relativism.

Question 41

On the JTB account, knowledge is justified true belief.

Question 42

Socrates argued that knowledge and opinion are two different things.

Question 43

According to the text, cultural relativism does not necessarily lead to tolerance.

Question 44

Socrates was what we would call today a "public intellectual."

Question 45

Wrestling was among the subjects taught by the Sophists.

Question 46

The word "sophist" meant "wise man."

Question 47

On the traditional view, not just any form of justification is sufficient for knowledge-the justification must be an adequate reason to hold that the belief in question is really true.

Question 48

On the JTB account, the justification of a belief must tie the belief to reality by giving a sufficient reason to believe the belief is true.

Question 49

"JTB" stands for "justified true belief."

Question 50

"JTB" stands for "jaundiced but true belief."

Question 51

Epistemology is the study of opinion.

Question 52

Epistemology is the study of what people do in fact believe.

Question 53

Epistemic justification is justification related to the goal of the cognitive enterprise.

Question 54

Truth is the goal of the cognitive enterprise.

Question 55

Socrates compared people who lack knowledge to blind people.

Question 56

On the traditional view, not just any form of justification is sufficient for knowledge-the justification must be an adequate reason to hold that the belief in question is true.

Question 57

Epistemology is the study of the concept of belief.

Question 58

The following would be an objective claim: Lemons tastes better than apples.

Question 59

The following would be an objective claim: Lemons cost more than apples today.

Question 60

The following would be a subjective claim: Apple is better than PC.

Question 61

Epistemology is the philosophical study of the nature of knowledge.

Question 62

Protagoras wrote a book titled, On Truth.

Question 63

Socrates met Gorgias in person.

Question 64

Socrates met Protagoras in person.

Question 65

According to Protagoras, objective truth does not exist.

Question 66

By "measure," Protagoras probably meant criterion.

Question 67

Gorgias said, Nothing exists.

Question 68

Socrates believed that relativism can undermine freedom.

Question 69

Protagoras believed that victory, not objective truth, is the goal of argument.

Question 70

Gorgias believed that victory, not knowledge of objective truth, is the goal of argument.

Question 71

Gorgias and Protagoras were contemporaries.

Question 72

Gorgias, Socrates, and Protagoras were contemporaries.

Question 73

Epistemic justification is different from pragmatic justification.

Question 74

Epistemic justification is truth-conducive.

Question 75

Emotional justification is a type of epistemic justification.

Question 76

A belief might be pragmatically justified but not epistemically justified.

Question 77

One argument against the JTB account of knowledge rests on the premise that in the middle ages people "knew" the earth was flat.

Question 78

One argument against the JTB account of knowledge rests on the premise that people often say, "I know it but I don't believe it."

Question 79

One argument against the JTB account of knowledge rests on the premise that people sometimes make a lucky guess and then say, "See, I knew it."

Question 80

According to the classic JTB theory, the belief, truth, and justification conditions are necessary and sufficient for the presence of knowledge.