Deck 12: Explorations in Deductive Reasoning: Categorical Logic

Question 1

Aristotle is the founder of categorical logic.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Every categorical sentence is either an A, E, I, or O sentence.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

The A sentence is universal and affirmative.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

The E sentence is universal and affirmative.

Question 5

The I sentence is universal and affirmative.

Question 6

The O sentence is universal and affirmative.

Question 7

The A sentence is universal and negative.

Question 8

The E sentence is universal and negative.

Question 9

The I sentence is universal and negative.

Question 10

The O sentence is universal and negative.

Question 11

The A sentence is particular and affirmative.

Question 12

The E sentence is particular and affirmative.

Question 13

The I sentence is particular and affirmative.

Question 14

The O sentence is particular and affirmative.

Question 15

The A sentence is particular and negative.

Question 16

The E sentence is particular and negative.

Question 17

The I sentence is particular and negative.

Question 18

The O sentence is particular and negative.

Question 19

A particular statement makes a claim about one or more members of a group.

Question 20

A universal statement makes a claim about all the members of a group.

Question 21

According to the text, logic played a role in the invention of the computer.

Question 22

Is the sentence an A, E, I, or O sentence?
-All dogs are mammals.

A) All S are P (universal affirmation)
E) No S are P (universal negation)
I) Some S are P (particular affirmation)
O) Some S are not P (particular negation)

Question 23

Is the sentence an A, E, I, or O sentence?
-Some dogs are pets.

A) All S are P (universal affirmation)
E) No S are P (universal negation)
I) Some S are P (particular affirmation)
O) Some S are not P (particular negation)

Question 24

Is the sentence an A, E, I, or O sentence?
-Some dogs are not pets.

A) All S are P (universal affirmation)
E) No S are P (universal negation)
I) Some S are P (particular affirmation)
O) Some S are not P (particular negation)

Question 25

Is the sentence an A, E, I, or O sentence?
-No dogs are fish.

A) All S are P (universal affirmation)
E) No S are P (universal negation)
I) Some S are P (particular affirmation)
O) Some S are not P (particular negation)

Question 26

The A sentence is:

A) universal and affirmative
B) universal and negative
C) particular and affirmative
D) particular and negative

Question 27

The E sentence is:

A) universal and affirmative
B) universal and negative
C) particular and affirmative
D) particular and negative

Question 28

The I sentence is:

A) universal and affirmative
B) universal and negative
C) particular and affirmative
D) particular and negative

Question 29

The O sentence is:

A) universal and affirmative
B) universal and negative
C) particular and affirmative
D) particular and negative

Question 30

Translate the following into standard form A, E, I, or O sentences:
A: All S are P (universal affirmation)
E: No S are P (universal negation)
I: Some S are P (particular affirmation)
O: Some S are not P (particular negation)
-Many heavy metal rockers have long hair.

Question 31

Translate the following into standard form A, E, I, or O sentences:
A: All S are P (universal affirmation)
E: No S are P (universal negation)
I: Some S are P (particular affirmation)
O: Some S are not P (particular negation)
-Whales are magnificent creatures.

Question 32

Translate the following into standard form A, E, I, or O sentences:
A: All S are P (universal affirmation)
E: No S are P (universal negation)
I: Some S are P (particular affirmation)
O: Some S are not P (particular negation)
-Whales can grow to be pretty big.

Question 33

Translate the following into standard form A, E, I, or O sentences:
A: All S are P (universal affirmation)
E: No S are P (universal negation)
I: Some S are P (particular affirmation)
O: Some S are not P (particular negation)
-Some Indians hunt whales.

Question 34

Translate the following into standard form A, E, I, or O sentences:
A: All S are P (universal affirmation)
E: No S are P (universal negation)
I: Some S are P (particular affirmation)
O: Some S are not P (particular negation)
-Some Indians don't hunt whales.

Question 35

Translate the following into standard form A, E, I, or O sentences:
A: All S are P (universal affirmation)
E: No S are P (universal negation)
I: Some S are P (particular affirmation)
O: Some S are not P (particular negation)
-No illy pies belong to the class of mammals.

Question 36

Translate the following into standard form A, E, I, or O sentences:
A: All S are P (universal affirmation)
E: No S are P (universal negation)
I: Some S are P (particular affirmation)
O: Some S are not P (particular negation)
-Police officers are human beings.

Question 37

Translate the following into standard form A, E, I, or O sentences:
A: All S are P (universal affirmation)
E: No S are P (universal negation)
I: Some S are P (particular affirmation)
O: Some S are not P (particular negation)
-Prunes are groovy.

Question 38

Translate the following into standard form A, E, I, or O sentences:
A: All S are P (universal affirmation)
E: No S are P (universal negation)
I: Some S are P (particular affirmation)
O: Some S are not P (particular negation)
-Some priests like rock 'n' roll.

Question 39

Translate the following into standard form A, E, I, or O sentences:
A: All S are P (universal affirmation)
E: No S are P (universal negation)
I: Some S are P (particular affirmation)
O: Some S are not P (particular negation)
-Quite a few hippies attended the concert.

Question 40

Translate the following into standard form A, E, I, or O sentences:
A: All S are P (universal affirmation)
E: No S are P (universal negation)
I: Some S are P (particular affirmation)
O: Some S are not P (particular negation)
-There were a lot of Star Trek fans at the convention.

Question 41

Translate the following into standard form A, E, I, or O sentences:
A: All S are P (universal affirmation)
E: No S are P (universal negation)
I: Some S are P (particular affirmation)
O: Some S are not P (particular negation)
-There are rich communists.

Question 42

Translate the following into standard form A, E, I, or O sentences:
A: All S are P (universal affirmation)
E: No S are P (universal negation)
I: Some S are P (particular affirmation)
O: Some S are not P (particular negation)
-There are no atheists in foxholes.

Question 43

Translate the following into standard form A, E, I, or O sentences:
A: All S are P (universal affirmation)
E: No S are P (universal negation)
I: Some S are P (particular affirmation)
O: Some S are not P (particular negation)
-Most theists believe in one God.

Question 44

Translate the following into standard form A, E, I, or O sentences:
A: All S are P (universal affirmation)
E: No S are P (universal negation)
I: Some S are P (particular affirmation)
O: Some S are not P (particular negation)
-Some rockers do not like the Rolling Stones.

Question 45

Translate the following into standard form A, E, I, or O sentences:
A: All S are P (universal affirmation)
E: No S are P (universal negation)
I: Some S are P (particular affirmation)
O: Some S are not P (particular negation)
-Many mammals eat meat.

Question 46

Translate the following into standard form A, E, I, or O sentences:
A: All S are P (universal affirmation)
E: No S are P (universal negation)
I: Some S are P (particular affirmation)
O: Some S are not P (particular negation)
-Some mammals do not eat meat.

Question 47

Translate the following into standard form A, E, I, or O sentences:
A: All S are P (universal affirmation)
E: No S are P (universal negation)
I: Some S are P (particular affirmation)
O: Some S are not P (particular negation)
-Some people just don't get it.

Question 48

Translate the following into standard form A, E, I, or O sentences:
A: All S are P (universal affirmation)
E: No S are P (universal negation)
I: Some S are P (particular affirmation)
O: Some S are not P (particular negation)
-Most cats are tame.

Question 49

Translate the following into standard form A, E, I, or O sentences:
A: All S are P (universal affirmation)
E: No S are P (universal negation)
I: Some S are P (particular affirmation)
O: Some S are not P (particular negation)
-Many dogs are mean.

Question 50

Translate the following into standard form A, E, I, or O sentences:
A: All S are P (universal affirmation)
E: No S are P (universal negation)
I: Some S are P (particular affirmation)
O: Some S are not P (particular negation)
-Some dogs are not mean.

Question 51

Translate the following into standard form A, E, I, or O sentences:
A: All S are P (universal affirmation)
E: No S are P (universal negation)
I: Some S are P (particular affirmation)
O: Some S are not P (particular negation)
-Ostriches cannot fly.

Question 52

Translate the following into standard form A, E, I, or O sentences:
A: All S are P (universal affirmation)
E: No S are P (universal negation)
I: Some S are P (particular affirmation)
O: Some S are not P (particular negation)
-Bats aren't birds.

Question 53

Translate the following into standard form A, E, I, or O sentences:
A: All S are P (universal affirmation)
E: No S are P (universal negation)
I: Some S are P (particular affirmation)
O: Some S are not P (particular negation)
-Maple trees are so pretty.

Question 54

In a standard categorical syllogism, the minor term appears twice.

Question 55

In a standard categorical syllogism, the major term appears once.

Question 56

Every standard categorical syllogism contains exactly one middle term, appearing twice.

Question 57

Some properly formed categorical syllogisms have no middle term.

Question 58

Some properly formed categorical syllogisms contain three premises.

Question 59

Some standard categorical syllogisms contain two conclusions.

Question 60

No standard categorical syllogism contains three premises.

Question 61

No standard categorical syllogism contains just one premise.

Question 62

Every standard categorical syllogism contains exactly two premises.

Question 63

Every standard categorical syllogism contains exactly three different terms.

Question 64

Every standard categorical syllogism contains exactly two different terms.

Question 65

Every standard categorical syllogism contains exactly four different terms.

Question 66

A syllogism is a deductive argument.

Question 67

A term is distributed if it makes a claim about every member of a category.

Question 68

Some terms are not distributed.

Question 69

Every categorical syllogism contains exactly three statements.

Question 70

John Venn is the inventor of the method of Venn diagrams.

Question 71

The Boolean interpretation is due to George Boole.

Question 72

The Boolean interpretation differs from the Aristotelian only with respect to universal statements.

Question 73

The X in a Venn diagram marks the spot where the treasure is buried, as in, "X marks the spot."

Question 74

Shading in a region of a Venn diagram means that nothing exists in that area.

Question 75

An X in an area of a Venn diagram means that nothing exists in that area.

Question 76

An X straddling a line on a Venn diagram means that for all we know, the object may be on either side of the line.

Question 77

Aristotle is the inventor of the method of Venn diagrams.

Question 78

Venn diagrams were discovered in ancient times.

Question 79

George Boole was a friend of Aristotle.

Question 80

Boole lived in the nineteenth century.