Question 1

Which of the following statements provides the best definition of second-generation migrants?&#10;A) Those with two parents born overseas&#10;B) Those with one or more parents born overseas&#10;C) Those born in Australia with one or more parents born overseas&#10;D) Two generations of families who have migrated to Australia

Accepted Answer

Second-generation migrants are individuals born in the host country (in this case, Australia) with one or more parents born overseas. This definition captures the essence of being second-generation, focusing on the birthplace of the individual and their parents, rather than the broader family migration history or the number of parents born abroad.

Question 2

What is ethnicity primarily derived from?&#10;A) Country of birth&#10;B) Ancestry&#10;C) Religion&#10;D) Time spent in Australia

Accepted Answer

Ethnicity is primarily derived from ancestry, which refers to a person's cultural background and origins, often linked to language, traditions, and heritage.

Question 3

Which of the following statements about ethnic identity is correct?&#10;A) Ethnic identity is fixed and unchanging&#10;B) Ethnic identity is dependent on how long someone has lived in Australia&#10;C) Ethnic identity is fluid&#10;D) Ethnic identity is an invention used to further the interests of various groups

Accepted Answer

Ethnic identity can change over time and be influenced by various factors, making it fluid rather than fixed.

Question 4

According to one view of ethnicity, what do primordial attachments arise from?&#10;A) Blood, speech, and custom&#10;B) Religious affiliation&#10;C) Place of birth&#10;D) Familial bonds

Accepted Answer

Primordial attachments, according to one view of ethnicity, arise from inherent or "given" aspects of human existence, such as blood (kinship), speech (language), and custom (cultural practices). These elements are seen as fundamental, natural, or "primordial" aspects of human identity.

Question 5

Which of the following statements represents an instrumentalist/constructivist view of ethnicity?&#10;A) Ethnicity is the result of ancestry, a common language, and shared traditions&#10;B) Ethnicity is subjective and subject to change and selective appropriation&#10;C) Ethnicity is substantially related to the geographic place of birth&#10;D) Ethnicity is fundamentally about ancestral background

Accepted Answer

Instrumentalist or constructivist views on ethnicity emphasize that ethnic identities are not fixed or solely determined by objective factors like ancestry or geography, but are instead fluid, subject to change, and shaped by social, political, and economic contexts. This perspective is reflected in the statement that ethnicity is subjective and subject to change and selective appropriation.

Question 6

Which of the following statements best describes the intention of assimilation policy?&#10;A) The idea of respecting cultural diversity as a central aspect of a common culture&#10;B) The idea that cultural differences are inevitable and thus naturally co-exist with the dominant culture&#10;C) The idea that diverse cultures can be combined in a social 'melting pot' to produce a new common culture&#10;D) The idea that diverse cultural groups adapt to the dominant culture and discard their distinct cultural heritage

Accepted Answer

Assimilation policy is aimed at encouraging or forcing individuals from diverse cultural groups to adopt the dominant culture's norms, values, and behaviors, often at the expense of their own distinct cultural identities. This involves a one-way process of adaptation where minority cultures are expected to conform to the dominant culture, leading to a reduction in cultural diversity.

Question 7

What is the work of Herbert Gans most closely associated with?&#10;A) The importance of ethnic boundaries&#10;B) Symbolic ethnicity&#10;C) The links between biology and behaviour&#10;D) Moral panics

Accepted Answer

Herbert Gans is most closely associated with the concept of "symbolic ethnicity," which refers to a form of ethnic identity that is only relevant on specific occasions and does not significantly impact everyday life. This concept is particularly applied to later generations of immigrants in the United States, who may feel a connection to their ethnic heritage without it playing a central role in their daily lives.

Question 8

What is the term for a religiously and/or ethnically defined group of people dispersed from their country of origin (often due to political violence)?&#10;A) Hybridity&#10;B) Migration&#10;C) Transnationalism&#10;D) Diaspora

Accepted Answer

Diaspora refers to a group of people who have spread or been dispersed from their homeland to various places around the world, often maintaining a sense of connection to their roots. This term is frequently used in the context of religious or ethnic groups who have moved or been forced from their original country, sometimes due to political violence or persecution.

Question 9

When was the Immigration Restriction Act, a measure that marks the official beginning of the White Australia policy, introduced?&#10;A) 1801&#10;B) 1901&#10;C) 1946&#10;D) 1973

Accepted Answer

The Immigration Restriction Act was introduced in 1901, marking the official beginning of the White Australia policy, which aimed to restrict non-European immigration to Australia.

Question 10

When were the final vestiges of the White Australia policy removed?&#10;A) 1901&#10;B) 1950&#10;C) 1973&#10;D) It is still in place

Accepted Answer

The final vestiges of the White Australia policy were removed in 1973, marking the end of a policy that restricted non-European immigration to Australia.

Deck 13: Ethnicity and Belonging