Deck 3: Biological Bases of Behaviour

Question 1

The testable prediction generated by a theory is known as the:

A)Independent variable
B)Dependent variable
C)Null hypothesis
D)Hypothesis
E)Chi-squared test

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The ways in which experimenters might influence results are known as:

A)Demand characteristics
B)Biases
C)Expectancy factors
D)Influential factors
E)Investigator or experimenter effects

Answer 2

E

Question 3

Selecting participants on the basis of their availability is known as:

A)Random sampling
B)Opportunity sampling
C)Stratified sampling
D)Quota sampling
E)Biased sampling

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The best way to get a representative sample from the population is to use a(n):

A)Complex sample
B)Systematic sample
C)Opportunistic sample
D)Simple sample
E)Random sample

Question 5

Counterbalancing is used with which type of experimental design?

A)Matched participants
B)Independent
C)Repeated measures
D)Correlational
E)Factorial

Question 6

The main problem with the repeated measures design is:

A)Significant effects
B)Repeat effects
C)Factorial effects
D)Matched effects
E)Order effects

Question 7

An experimental design that uses the same participants in both groups is known as a(n):

A)Correlational design
B)Independent design
C)Matched pairs design
D)Repeated measures design
E)Factorial design

Question 8

An experimental design that pairs participants across conditions according to a variable such as sex or IQ is called a(n):

A)Factorial design
B)Independent design
C)Repeated measures design
D)Correlational design
E)Matched pairs design

Question 9

An experimental design that uses different participants in each group is called a(n):

A)Repeated measures design
B)Matched pairs design
C)Independent groups design
D)Correlational design
E)Factorial design

Question 10

A score worked out by dividing the total of all participant scores by the number of participants is known as the:

A)Central tendent
B)Mode
C)Median
D)Mean
E)Skewed tendent

Question 11

A bell-shaped curve in which most scores cluster fairly close to the mean is known as the:

A)Normal distribution
B)Measure of central tendency
C)Skewed distribution
D)Histogram
E)Measured distribution

Question 12

A correlational score of -1.00 would be:

A)An indication of a slight negative relationship between two variables
B)A perfect positive correlation
C)An indication that there was no relationship between two variables
D)An indication of a slight positive relationship between two variables
E)A perfect negative correlation

Question 13

Identify the way in which qualitative analysis differs from quantitative analysis:

A)Qualitative findings are easier to replicate
B)It uses fewer participants
C)It focuses on more narrow aspects of behaviour
D)It does not express information in numerical form
E)All of these

Question 14

To get a rough idea of whether there is a relationship between two variables, you could plot the results using:

A)A bar chart
B)A histogram
C)A scattergram
D)A frequency polygon
E)None of these

Question 15

A graph showing frequencies of scores using rectangles of different heights is known as a:

A)Histogram
B)Frequency polygraph
C)Frequency polygon
D)Box-plot
E)Normal distribution

Question 16

A measure of dispersion that is the square of the standard deviation is known as the:

A)Squared deviation
B)Variance
C)Average deviation
D)Modal deviation
E)Mean deviation

Question 17

The difference between the highest and lowest score is called the:

A)Mode
B)Range
C)Median
D)Middle score
E)Mean

Question 18

The most frequently occurring score of a set of numbers (e.g., 3,4,6,6,6,6,6,6,7,8) is called the:

A)Middle score
B)Median
C)Mode
D)Mean
E)Square

Question 19

The middle score in a set of numbers (e.g., 3,5,6,4,3) is called the:

A)Median
B)Mode
C)Middle score
D)Mean
E)Square

Question 20

Order effects are a problem when using:

A)Matched pairs design
B)Repeated measures design
C)Independent groups design
D)Experimental design
E)All of these

Question 21

A hypothesis of no differences is known as the:

A)Null hypothesis
B)Void hypothesis
C)Dual hypothesis
D)Squared hypothesis
E)Bi-directional hypothesis

Question 22

The validity of the research findings outside the research situation is known as:

A)Mundane realism
B)Quasi-validity
C)External validity
D)Experimental realism
E)Internal validity

Question 23

The validity of an experiment in terms of the context in which it is carried out is called:

A)Experimental realism
B)Quasi-validity
C)External validity
D)Mundane realism
E)Internal validity

Question 24

Repeating the findings obtained from an experiment is known as:

A)Repeat procedure
B)Replication
C)Redistribution
D)Mundane realism
E)Ecological validity

Question 25

The allocation of participants to conditions on a random basis is called:

A)Randomisation
B)Quasi-randomisation
C)Chance
D)Pseudo-randomisation
E)Self-selection

Question 26

A study, which is run like an experiment but in a natural setting, is known as a(n):

A)Field experiment
B)Natural experiment
C)Ecologically sound experiment
D)Lab experiment
E)Random experiment

Question 27

A variable that must be controlled because it may get in the way of the link between the independent and dependent variable is called a:

A)Random variable
B)Extraneous variable
C)Dependent variable
D)Manipulable variable
E)Confusing variable

Question 28

The part of the experiment that is directly manipulated by the experimenter is known as the:

A)Dependent variable
B)Hypothesis
C)Independent variable
D)Null hypothesis
E)Extraneous variable

Question 29

The use of an artificial situation that closely resembles a natural situation is known as:

A)Mundane realism
B)Quasi-validity
C)External validity
D)Experimental realism
E)Internal validity

Question 30

Anxiety-toned concern felt by participants to perform well and please the experimenter is called:

A)Trepidation
B)Anxiety disorder
C)Artificiality
D)Evaluation apprehension
E)Co-operative anxiety

Question 31

If you predicted the direction of any effects (e.g., loud noise will disrupt learning and memory), this is called a(n):

A)Null hypothesis
B)Non-directional hypothesis
C)Directional hypothesis
D)Variance
E)Ordinal hypothesis

Question 32

When a hypothesis predicts the nature of the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable, it is said to be:

A)One-tailed
B)Two-tailed
C)Three-tailed
D)Uni-directional
E)Bi-directional

Question 33

One weakness of a questionnaire compared to an interview is that:

A)Using closed questions is artificial
B)People may not be aware of their true personality and attitudes
C)They may lack reliability or validity
D)Social desirability bias is a problem
E)Respondents need to have high literacy skills

Question 34

One ethical issue that arises in naturalistic observation is that:

A)The sample may be biased
B)Confidentiality of results cannot be achieved
C)Participants cannot be debriefed
D)The context may be obscure
E)Participants may not be aware that they are being observed and therefore cannot give consent

Question 35

Which method is difficult to replicate?

A)Correlational studies
B)Laboratory experiment using independent groups design
C)Laboratory experiment using matched participants design
D)Naturalistic observation
E)Personality tests

Question 36

Recording the number of times participants yawn in a lecture is an example of:

A)Event sampling
B)Time sampling
C)Point sampling
D)Random sampling
E)None of these

Question 37

What is a limitation of the correlational method?

A)Cause and effect are difficult to establish
B)All of these
C)Variables other than those of interest may be operating
D)Direction of causality is uncertain
E)Interpretation of results is difficult

Question 38

An association found between two variables is known as a:

A)Modal experiment
B)Correlation
C)Natural association
D)Blind study
E)Mean difference

Question 39

Discourse analysis is an example of:

A)Demand characteristics
B)Quantitative analysis
C)Statistical deviance
D)Qualitative analysis
E)None of these