Deck 1: History of Psychology

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a feature of learning and memory?

A)Storage
B)Encoding
C)Decoding
D)Retrieval
E)Rehearsal

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The working memory model consists of a central executive, a phonological loop and:

A)A verbal store
B)A visuo-spatial sketchpad
C)Sensory memory
D)Short-term memory
E)Acoustic memory

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The study by Robbins et al. on working memory showed that the quality of performance was best when the second task involved the:

A)Central executive
B)Episodic buffrer
C)Phonological loop
D)Visuo-spatial sketchpad
E)All of these

Answer 3

C

Question 4

A limitation of Loftus' research into eyewitness testimony is that:

A)It generated no applications
B)As the participants were not real-life eyewitnesses, they may not have tried their hardest to be accurate
C)It has led to bias in police interviewing
D)The experiments were not sufficiently controlled
E)None of these

Question 5

Bartlett believed that memory is an active process involving taking in information and combining it with relevant schematic knowledge. This concept is known as:

A)Unreliable memory
B)Long-term memory
C)Short-term memory
D)Reconstructive memory
E)Schemas and stereotypes

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT part of the recommendations for cognitive interviews?

A)Change of order
B)Reinstatement of the original context
C)Change of perspective
D)Interruptions
E)Report everything however unimportant

Question 7

Which of the following is not a limitation of the cognitive interview?

A)Not all of the components may contribute to its success
B)Misleading information still has an effect on recall
C)There is a small increase in incorrect information
D)It is less effective when used many weeks after the incident
E)There is little research evidence to support it

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a method of improving memory?

A)Stereotypes
B)Method of loci
C)Pegwords
D)Story method
E)Mindmaps

Question 9

Which of the following is a true finding of Shuell's research into organisation and memory?

A)Recall is much better when information is presented in an organised way
B)Using categories of information has no effect
C)Organising information is not an effective use of time
D)Random information is remembered as successfully as non-random information
E)Having more knowledge of categories is unhelpful to memory

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a component of Baddeley and Hitch's (1974) model of working memory?

A)Rehearsal
B)Central executive
C)Articulatory-phonological loop
D)Visuo-spatial sketch pad
E)Task allocator

Question 11

Procedural knowledge does not include knowing:

A)How to play the piano
B)How to play football
C)Your own name
D)How to make a cup of tea
E)How to eat a banana

Question 12

Which of the following does NOT feature in Atkinson and Shiffrin's (1968) model of memory?

A)Long-term store
B)Sensory store
C)Short-term store
D)Conversion store
E)Rehearsal

Question 13

Shallice and Warrington's (1970) study of patient KF indicates that:

A)Different parts of the brain are involved in short-term and long-term memory
B)Long-term and short-term memory are processed in the same area of the brain
C)Short-term memory is more easily accessed than long-term memory
D)Lack of rehearsal erodes long-term memory
E)All of these

Question 14

The span of immediate memory was identified in 1956 to be 7 (plus or minus 2) by:

A)Atkinson
B)Baddeley
C)Bartlett
D)Cherry
E)Miller

Question 15

A high level of recall for the first items in a list of free recall is known as the:

A)Primacy effect
B)Recency effect
C)Hindsight effect
D)Mood-state-dependent theory
E)First impression effect

Question 16

Peterson and Peterson's participants had to count backwards in threes so that:

A)The researchers had some time to be organised
B)They could show they were numerate
C)They had something to think about
D)They could not rehearse their trigram
E)They became confused

Question 17

Bahrick studied very long term memories and found that, after 48 years, participants were best at:

A)Face and name recognition and free recall
B)Face recognition
C)Face and name recognition
D)Free recall
E)Name recognition

Question 18

Which of the following statements about encoding is correct?

A)Short-term memory uses mainly semantic encoding, whereas long-term memory uses mainly acoustic encoding
B)Short-term memory uses mainly acoustic encoding, whereas long-term memory uses mainly semantic encoding
C)Short-term memory uses mainly visual encoding, whereas long-term memory uses mainly semantic encoding
D)Short-term memory uses mainly acoustic encoding, whereas long-term memory uses mainly visual encoding
E)Short-term memory and long-term memory both use mainly semantic encoding

Question 19

What was the optimum number of categories for better retrieval found in Mandler's research?

A)Five
B)Seven
C)Nine
D)Eleven
E)Thirteen