Deck 23: Industry and Everyday Life 1750 - 1900

Question 1

Industrialization took place amid a worldwide surge in productive activity sometimes called the

A) Industrious Revolution
B) Glorious Revolution
C) Industrial Revolution
D) Productive Revolution

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The massive expansion in productivity in Britain was initially about

A) theoretical science
B) Britain's practical culture of trial and error
C) the coal, iron deposits, and other resources that went into creating the first modern machines
D) abundant manpower as a result of lengthening lifespans

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of the following were NOT critical to the Industrial Revolution and urban growth?

A) global trade networks
B) raw materials produced by workers from around the world
C) technology
D) a warming climate

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The _____________ allowed an individual worker, using just the power of her hand, to spin not one bobbin of thread, but up to 120 at once.

A) flying shuttle
B) water frame
C) cotton gin
D) spinning jenny

Question 5

The world's first factories arose from the pressure to increase production of English

A) cloth
B) iron
C) steel
D) porcelain

Question 6

Steam engines were used first in

A) the gold and silver mining industry
B) textile production
C) driving trains
D) driving steamboats

Question 7

In 1885 the German engineer ________ devised the gasoline engine.

A) Karl Marx
B) Armand Peugeot
C) Karl Benz
D) James Watt

Question 8

In the first period of the Industrial Revolution in Britain, in the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, innovations in ______________________ predominated.

A) heavy industrial products driven by electrical and oil power
B) textile machinery powered by steam energy
C) agricultural machinery powered by coal
D) heavy industrial products powered by steam energy

Question 9

Especially outside Britain, livelihoods pursued at home, called ___________, persisted during the Industrial Revolution in garment making, metalwork, and such "finishing trades" as metal polishing.

A) outwork
B) homework
C) finishing work
D) piecemeal work

Question 10

The United States industrialized rapidly after ___________ ended.

A) the War of 1812
B) its Civil War
C) its Revolutionary War
D) its westward expansion

Question 11

In the later 19^th century, two countries began to surpass Britain in research, technical education, innovation, and growth rates:

A) the United States and Japan
B) France and Mexico
C) Brazil and Germany
D) Germany and the United States

Question 12

Japan sent delegations to Europe and the United States with the goal of

A) opening up trading relations
B) luring Western investors
C) learning the strengths of the Western industrial arts
D) acquiring firearms

Question 13

One reason for the recession of the 1870s was the

A) drying up of South American silver sources
B) relative expense of building textile mills
C) skyrocketing start-up costs of new enterprises
D) rising price of food

Question 14

In response to the recession of the 1870s, many governments, especially those in South America,

A) imposed tariffs on imported agricultural and manufactured goods
B) instituted price controls on domestic goods
C) banned imports
D) raised interest rates

Question 15

_______________ financed the growth of industry by selling shares or part ownership in companies to individuals.

A) cartels
B) stock markets
C) limited liability corporations
D) guilds

Question 16

The development of consumer capitalism helped to remedy the under consumption of manufactured goods at the heart of the recession through the new institution of the

A) mall
B) department store
C) general store
D) cartel

Question 17

Other nations in the early nineteenth century were often unwilling to trade with Europe, which was widely seen as

A) a source of inferior goods
B) an unfair trading partner
C) too demanding in regard to the quality of traded items
D) a source of counterfeit goods

Question 18

Britain sought to correct its _________-driven trade imbalance with China by smuggling opium into the country.

A) steel
B) porcelain
C) silk
D) tea

Question 19

To most Chinese, economic distress was evidence that

A) the gods were displeased with them
B) they were being left behind by European advances
C) they owed their unwavering support to the emperor
D) their rulers had lost "the Mandate of Heaven"

Question 20

The ruler of Egypt, Muhammad Ali, eventually

A) required all male Egyptians to serve in his army
B) barred factory production to protect home-based industries
C) exempted workers in silk factories from service in the army
D) taxed factory production at a much higher rate

Question 21

Before the Industrial Revolution, __________ around the world had formed a middle class.

A) factory owners
B) peasants
C) traders
D) aristocrats

Question 22

As the Industrial Revolution progressed, middle-class women lived what historians term a "cult of domesticity" that signaled a family's

A) prosperity
B) sophistication
C) religiosity
D) breeding

Question 23

Initially, many industrial workers, whether in the United States, Japan, Britain, or Argentina, were

A) young, able-bodied men
B) young, unmarried women
C) older women
D) children

Question 24

The strict discipline industrialists hoped to impose was sometimes undermined by

A) a lack of accurate watches
B) drunkenness
C) unreliable public transportation systems
D) worker protests

Question 25

The French and British thinkers who believed that the rational calculation and technological progress that had produced industry could be used to create a perfect society were called the

A) materialists
B) scientific socialists
C) utopian socialists
D) utopian capitalists

Question 26

According to Marx, the cause of inequality between classes was

A) conflict between the proletariat and the bourgeoisie
B) bourgeoisie ownership of the modes of production
C) racial prejudice
D) the owners' control of the means of production

Question 27

According to Marx, the only function of a state was to

A) protect wealthy people's property
B) protect people from each other
C) ensure the integrity of its borders
D) collect taxes

Question 28

In Africa, slave ownership was

A) limited to free women
B) open to free and enslaved women
C) prohibited for women
D) permitted only for married free women

Question 29

Landowners in South Carolina and Georgia prized West African slave women because of their knowledge of

A) rice cultivation
B) sorghum cultivation
C) cotton cultivation
D) textile weaving

Question 30

The main advantage of African "red" rice, in the eyes of Thomas Jefferson, was that it

A) was more nutritious than Asian varieties
B) was better suited to the American climate
C) was easier to grow
D) could be grown outside of swamps