Deck 19: Consolidation and Conflict in Europe and the Greater Mediterranean 1450 - 1750

Question 1

The Ottoman program of conscription of Christian youths from eastern Europe was called the

A) timar
B) devshirme
C) janissary
D) pargana

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The Ottoman system of land grants was similar to those in Mughal India and Spanish America in that all three imperial systems

A) created a class of landed aristocrats
B) relied on slave labor
C) created free peasantry not tied to the land
D) rewarded frontier warriors while preventing them from becoming independent aristocrats

Answer 2

D

Question 3

In the late 15^th century, Venice faced a genuine rival in the Mediterranean in the

A) Ottomans
B) Safavids
C) Genoese
D) Mamluks

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The expedition to and siege of _________ displayed Suleiman's naval capacity.

A) Rhodes
B) Otranto
C) Lepanto
D) Malta

Question 5

The waning of Ottoman sea supremacy was marked by the Battle of _________, where the Ottomans were defeated by a large force of Hapsburgs.

A) Rhodes
B) Otranto
C) Lepanto
D) Malta

Question 6

In the conflict between the Ottomans and the Safavids, cities such as Baghdad were the key battlegrounds because

A) they lay in between the distant homelands of the two rivals
B) the Safavids routinely burned their own cities when they felt defeat was near
C) Baghdad was a richer city with more available booty
D) neither side felt any compunction about destroying cities held by third parties

Question 7

Unrest in the Ottoman empire in the decades around 1600 was caused by

A) a prolonged drought
B) a massive influx of Spanish American silver
C) attacks by the Safavids
D) peasant revolts

Question 8

Women dominated the familial and sexual life of the Ottoman sultan as early as the mid-sixteenth century, with ____________ being particularly influential.

A) seductive young wives
B) the Queen Mother
C) favorite concubines
D) the sultan's daughters

Question 9

Ottoman urban society was

A) egalitarian
B) hierarchical and divided by inherited familial status
C) hierarchical and divided by occupation
D) hierarchical and divided by religion

Question 10

The tax-exempt military class was called the

A) ulama
B) reaya
C) qahwa
D) askeri

Question 11

Women were treated as inferiors under Ottoman rule; they had ___________ to divorce than women in most early modern European societies.

A) greater access
B) less access
C) similar access
D) no access

Question 12

The term Sephardim refers to Jewish

A) refugees from Iberian expulsions after 1492
B) physicians, merchants, and tax collectors in the Ottoman empire
C) merchants, bankers, and advisers to the Ottoman sultan
D) converts to Islam

Question 13

Official Ottoman state support for trading ventures consisted of

A) trading forts
B) convoys
C) galleon fleets
D) roadside inns along trading routes

Question 14

The rapid growth in the population of Europe in the first half of the 16^th century was due mostly to

A) increases in the birth rate
B) immigration from Asia
C) a reduction in mortality
D) the importation of slaves

Question 15

In early modern Europe, one in _______ women died in childbirth.

A) three
B) seven
C) ten
D) fifteen

Question 16

Martin Luther denounced the widespread sale of

A) theses
B) indulgences
C) slaves
D) Latin Bibles

Question 17

The religious order founded by Ignatius of Loyola in response to Protestantism was the

A) Cistercians
B) Jesuits
C) Franciscans
D) Dominicans

Question 18

The Council of Trent, which yielded a new charter for the Roman Catholic Church,

A) offered compromises to the Protestant movement
B) excommunicated Martin Luther
C) established marriage as a sacrament
D) reaffirmed conservativism

Question 19

The Edict of Nantes, signed by France's King Henry IV,

A) granted Protestants freedom to practice their religion
B) authorized the Saint Bartholomew's Day
C) banned Protestantism
D) excommunicated the Huguenots

Question 20

Motivations for the Spanish attack on the British Isles in 1588 did NOT include

A) the petering out of the great silver mines in Spanish America
B) English harassment of the Spanish in the Americas
C) English aid to Dutch rebels
D) a determination to bring England back into the Catholic fold

Question 21

In essence, the Thirty Years' War was fought over

A) the return to Catholic conservativism represented by the Council of Trent
B) the internal politics of the Holy Roman Empire in central Europe
C) Spain's desire to eliminate England as a threat
D) the pope's disapproval of the tolerance shown to Protestants by the Holy Roman Emperor

Question 22

A major contributor to the Little Ice Age was

A) the regular cycle of heating and cooling climate
B) a particularly strong El Niño
C) global volcanic activity
D) changing patterns in ocean currents

Question 23

The first to observe that the earth appeared to circle the sun, though he did not publish his observations until the year of his death, was

A) Galileo
B) Brahe
C) Kepler
D) Copernicus

Question 24

A key reason that many peasants moved to cities in England was

A) crop failure due to a persistent drought
B) land enclosure
C) the rise of sharecropping
D) the arrival of potatoes and other New World crops

Question 25

The term for a system of economic regulations aimed at increasing the power of the state is

A) capitalism
B) mercantilism
C) absolutism
D) protectionism

Question 26

Britain and France were imperial rivals, with

A) both monarchs constrained by elected legislative bodies
B) France constrained by an elected parliament and Britain's monarch claiming quasi-divinity
C) Britain constrained by an elected parliament and France's monarch claiming quasi-divinity
D) both monarchs claiming quasi-divinity

Question 27

French incursions into the Spanish Netherlands and then Germany under Louis XIV earned the king the nickname the

A) Sun King
B) Frenchman
C) Infant Terriblé
D) Christian Turk

Question 28

Oliver Cromwell, who styled himself the Lord Protector of England, proved to be a

A) constitutional monarchist
B) fair and reasonable leader
C) dictator
D) constitutionalist

Question 29

By the late 1570s, most of those captured by the pirates along North Africa were

A) allowed to send letters to relatives on the other side of the Mediterranean requesting ransoms
B) sold into slavery
C) stripped of their possessions and abandoned in Algiers or Morocco
D) robbed of any gold they carried and allowed to continue their voyage

Question 30

The Barbary pirates were able to continue operations without fear of coordinated attack by Europe because of

A) the treacherous coastline in Algiers
B) sustained rivalry among the Europeans
C) the protection of the Ottomans
D) the interference of the Barbarossas