Deck 17: Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine

Question 1

The most important clinical problem encounters in family practice, medical specialties, and general hospital care include:

A) Pain.
B) Depression.
C) Substance abuse.
D) Anxiety.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

When a demographic, behavioral, or psychological factor has been demonstrated to predict the development of disease, it is known as a(n):

A) Odds ratio.
B) Hazards ratio.
C) Risk factor.
D) Metabolic syndrome.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Tessa is black, which increases the odds that she may have or develop sickle cell anemia. In this example, being black is a(n):

A) Odds ratio.
B) Hazards ratio.
C) Risk factor.
D) Metabolic syndrome.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Tessa is black, which increases the odds that she may have or develop sickle cell anemia to four times greater thanindividuals in the general population. In this example, the odds of being more likely to develop sickle cell are 4:1. This is a(n):

A) Odds ratio.
B) Hazards factor.
C) Risk factor.
D) Metabolic ratio.

Question 5

A great hypothetical example of a(n) ______ is that in research looking at multiple repeated measures, smokers are three times more likely to die from cardiovascular disease than non-smokers.

A) Odds ratio.
B) Hazards ratio.
C) Risk factor.
D) Metabolic ratio.

Question 6

The greatest odds ratio for contribution to cardiovascular disease across 52 countries is for:

A) The top quintile for lipids.
B) Smoking.
C) All psychosocial factors.
D) Diet.

Question 7

In research comparing treatment efficacy, subjects were placed in three groups. Group 1 received beta blockers; Group 2 received relaxation training, exercise and nutrition; and Group 3 was a control placebo group. They then measured the effects on blood pressure. Researchers found that:

A) In all conditions, subjects showed a reduction in blood pressure.
B) Only Group 1 exhibited a reduction in blood pressure.
C) Both active controls were better than the placebo, but Group 1 did better.
D) Both active controls were better than the placebo, but Group 2 did better as more risk factors were addressed than just blood pressure.

Question 8

Studies indicate that ____ weaken(s) the immune system.

A) Short-term acute stressors
B) Chronic stress
C) Little stress
D) Bursts of stress

Question 9

A factor that may influence a child's ability to learn and remember things is:

A) Parents who drink.
B) Children that are insecurely attached.
C) Chronic stress.
D) Parents who are not warm and loving.

Question 10

In a study of almost 18,000 persons in the united states, ____% of individuals report they were neglected.

A) 5
B) 10
C) 15
D) 20

Question 11

Campaigns to get people to quit smoking would be considered a:

A) Primary prevention program.
B) Secondary prevention program.
C) Tertiary prevention program.
D) Passive prevention program.

Question 12

Free health screenings for bone density and blood pressure would be considered a:

A) Primary prevention program.
B) Secondary prevention program.
C) Tertiary prevention program.
D) Passive prevention program.

Question 13

A program that teaches and supports self-management programs for cancer patients would be an example of a:

A) Primary prevention program,
B) Secondary prevention program.
C) Tertiary prevention program.
D) Passive prevention program.

Question 14

The highest non-compliance rate is for:

A) Quitting smoking.
B) Eating a kidney-disease diet.
C) PAP tests.
D) Hypertension treatment.

Question 15

In children aged 6-19, obesity rates are around ____ %.

A) 10
B) 14
C) 18
D) 25

Question 16

In adults aged 20-74, obesity rates are around ____ %.

A) 14
B) 24
C) 34
D) 44

Question 17

Which of the following affects adherence?

A) Gender
B) Supportive environment
C) Age
D) Education / intelligence

Question 18

The "4 C's" involve:

A) Convenience.
B) Covariance.
C) Conditions.
D) Chronic.

Question 19

Which of the following is a risk factor for hypertension that can be modified?

A) Age
B) Family history
C) Ethnic background
D) Blood pressure

Question 20

The ____________ argues that optimism, high self-esteem, and mastery predict better coronary disease outcomes.

A) Gate theory
B) Cognitive adaptation theory
C) Restinosis reduction theory
D) Self-management theory

Question 21

Briefly discuss risk factors, risk ratios, and hazards ratios. Make sure to define your terms and use a hypothetical example to illustrate each term.

Question 22

Briefly discuss some of the early life influences that impact health in adulthood. Provide examples to illustrate your points.

Question 23

Briefly define the three types of prevention programs discussed in the text. Using substance abuse as an example, design a program that targets on all three levels.

Question 24

Discuss adherence. What is it? What variables have an effect on adherance? What variables do not?

Question 25

The text discusses several self-management tasks and what diseases may respond to what tasks. Briefly describe four of these tasks and the effects they have.

Question 26

Describe the gate control theory of pain. Make sure to include conditions that open the gate, and conditions that close the gate.