Deck 13: Psychotherapy Outcome

Question 1

If results indicate that 10 out of 50 people report being depressed, then than 20% of the population is depressed. This illustrates:

A) Box scores.
B) Cutoffs.
C) A variation in sample size.
D) Statistical power.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

If one were looking at the efficacy of a given treatment and found that it is not significantly effective at p $\lt$ .0, this illustrates the use of:

A) Box scores.
B) Cutoffs.
C) Variation in sample size.
D) Statistical power.

Answer 2

Cutoffs.

Question 3

Damaris is given an IQ test at school and scored a 129. To be "gifted," a score of 130 or higher is required. Although there is likely no functional difference between scores of 129 and 130, this illustrates the use of:

A) Box scores.
B) Cutoffs.
C) Variation in sample size.
D) Statistical power.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

A specific issue with ______ design is that it does not take into account that one study may have 15 subjects while another one may have 400.

A) Box score
B) Cutoff
C) Meta-analysis
D) Statistical power

Question 5

When you collapse several studies into one data set and then analyze from there it is a:

A) Box score design.
B) Factor analysis.
C) Meta-analysis.
D) MANOVA.

Question 6

What tremendously influential personality psychologist published research that looked at 7,000 patients and concluded that those who received treatment were no better off than those who did not?

A) James
B) Eysenck
C) Wundt
D) Watson

Question 7

In the Aspirin trial, which indicated that taking aspirin reduced mortality by staving off heart disease, the size of the effect was small. This reflects:

A) Box scores.
B) Value of particular outcomes.
C) Variation in sample size.
D) Statistical power.

Question 8

Insurers and employers are concerned with the efficacy of treatment because it may increase:

A) The amount of time on disability.
Technically, this is also a correct answer as worded: the efficacy of a treatment CAN increase the time on disability IF the efficacy is poor. Reword to make more lgoically incorrect.
B) The amount of times they go to the hospital.
C) How quickly someone gets back to work.
D) The probability of surgery.

Question 9

Juliana does a study that looks at dialectical behavioral therapy on individuals with borderline personality disorders. She finds that a meta-analysis indicates that there is efficacy. This demonstrates:

A) Ecological validity.
B) Concurrent validity.
C) Face validity.
D) Construct validity.

Question 10

If we say that research has some practical value and utility then we say it has high:

A) Ecological validity.
B) Concurrent validity.
C) Face validity.
D) Construct validity.

Question 11

If I am looking at the effect of traffic on aggression and I conclude that high volume traffic is related to aggressive driving, I may be ignoring information (such as the likelihood that on hot days people are more aggressive) because I cannot control for those variables. This is an example of a:

A) Regression towards the mean effect.
B) Reality bias.
C) Sleeper effect.
D) Confounding effect.

Question 12

If I look at the efficacy of therapy on weight loss and I track patients for one year after therapy ends I may find that some subjects actually perform better once treatment is concluded. This is an example of the:

A) Regression towards the mean effect.
B) Reality bias.
C) Sleeper effect.
D) Confounding effect.

Question 13

Amani receives therapy for her depression. At the end of ten sessions she ends her therapy. Although she did not show much improvement during the therapy, one year later she is doing great. This illustrates the:

A) Regression towards the mean effect.
B) Reality bias.
C) Sleeper effect.
D) Confounding effect.

Question 14

The largest average effect size is for what form of therapy?

A) Non-rational-emotive cognitive therapy
B) Psychodynamic therapy
C) Client-centered therapy
D) Gestalt therapy

Question 15

For which of the following disorders will treatment show the largest treatment effect size?

A) Anxiety
B) Depression
C) Performance anxiety
D) Phobias

Question 16

For which of the following disorders will treatment likely show the smallest treatment effect size?

A) Depression
B) Social problems
C) Performance anxiety
D) Phobias

Question 17

"Tall fathers tend to have tall kids, their kids are not as tall as they are." This statement illustrates:

A) Regression towards the mean effect.
B) The reality bias.
C) The sleeper effect.
D) The confounding effect.

Question 18

Research indicates that _______ therapy is cheaper than no therapy in the treatment of persons with personality disorders.

A) Systems
B) Behavioral
C) Dialectical-behavioral
D) Humanistic

Question 19

Research indicates low biofeedback treatment efficacy for:

A) ADD.
B) Eating disorders.
C) Urinary incontinence.
D) Hypertension.

Question 20

Research indicates high biofeedback treatment efficacy for:

A) Autism.
B) Eating disorders.
C) Spinal cord injury.
D) Anxiety disorders.

Question 21

Why does research indicate that many treatments produce similar benefits? What possible characteristics on the part of the patient may come into play? What characteristics on the part of the therapist?

Question 22

Define the following terms: values of particular outcomes, regression to the mean, sleepers, and dodo bird effect.

Question 23

Compare and contrast box score reviews and meta-analysis. Is one approach 'better' than the other? What are the pros and cons of each?

Question 24

Who should define therapeutic success (client, therapist, insurers)? What criteria should be used to determine if therapy worked?

Question 25

Overall, what does research show regarding the efficacy of treatment? Are some therapies slightly better than others? Do some disorders have a better prognosis than others?