Question 1

What best describes populism (as it is dicussed in chapter 5)?&#10;A) It is by nature anti-democratic.&#10;B) It is a movement strongly identifed with resistance to social change.&#10;C) It is a general kind of politics that is not linked to any one tendency--left, right or center.&#10;D) It is rooted in the Marxist idea of class warfare.

Accepted Answer

Populism is a broad political approach that can manifest across the entire political spectrum, including left, right, and center, emphasizing the idea of "the people" versus "the elite" without being inherently tied to a specific ideological tendency.

Question 2

Juan Peron's populist appeal drew upon all of the following EXCEPT:&#10;A) Communism&#10;B) Nationalism&#10;C) Popular resentment against the oligarchy&#10;D) Charismatic authority

Accepted Answer

Juan Perón's populist appeal in Argentina did not draw upon communism. Instead, his political ideology, known as Peronism or Justicialism, emphasized nationalism, social justice, and economic independence, and it sought to bridge class divides. Perón capitalized on popular resentment against the oligarchy and leveraged his charismatic authority to gain and maintain support, but he did not align his movement with communist principles.

Question 3

Peron and other Latin American populists adhered to a strategy of development known as:&#10;A) Liberal modernization&#10;B) Structural adjustment&#10;C) Laissez faire capitalism&#10;D) Import substitution industrialization

Accepted Answer

Peron and other Latin American populists followed a strategy of development known as Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI). This approach aimed at reducing foreign dependency by local production of industrialized products.

Question 4

In the Southern Cone of Latin America, what best describes the social alliance that supported populist parties and leaders in the 20th century?&#10;A) Landowners, the military, and industrialists&#10;B) Industrialists, the middle class, the working class&#10;C) The middle class, peaants, the working class&#10;D) The peasants and the urban poor

Accepted Answer

Populist parties and leaders in the Southern Cone of Latin America in the 20th century were typically supported by a broad coalition that included industrialists, the middle class, and the working class. This alliance was crucial for the success of populist movements, as it combined the economic resources of industrialists with the political and numerical strength of the middle and working classes.

Question 5

There were some countries and regions in Latin America that did not adopt import substitution industrialization. Which of were among those that did not adopt ISI?&#10;A) Central America&#10;B) Brazil&#10;C) Chile and Argentina&#10;D) Mexico

Accepted Answer

Central America, as a region, did not adopt import substitution industrialization (ISI) to the same extent as countries like Brazil, Chile, Argentina, and Mexico, which were more prominent in implementing ISI policies.

Question 6

The Estado Novo was:&#10;A) An econonomic and political program in Brazil with many similatities to Peronism&#10;B) A radical leftist experiment in Chile&#10;C) Peron's name for his regime&#10;D) The new regime created after the Mexican Revolution

Accepted Answer

The Estado Novo was an economic and political program in Brazil, initiated by Getúlio Vargas in 1937, which had many similarities to Peronism in Argentina, including its populist and authoritarian elements.

Question 7

Populism in Chile and Venezuela differed from populism in Brazil and Argentina n period from 1930 to 1960 in what way?&#10;A) In Chile and Venezuela the base for populism was mostly rural.&#10;B) Neither country generated upon export revenues to support import substitution&#10;C) Parties rather than charismatic leaders provided the political leadership for social and economic development&#10;D) Both countries successfully modernized their agricultural sectors with support from landowners.

Accepted Answer

In Chile and Venezuela, populism was more party-driven, with political parties playing a significant role in leading social and economic development, unlike in Brazil and Argentina where charismatic leaders were more central to the populist movements.

Question 8

Choose the most accurate statement from below:&#10;A) The Mexican Revolution prevented populism and import substitution from taking root in Mexico.&#10;B) Import substitution and populism in Mexico were closely linked with the PRI party in the decades after the presidency of Lazaro Cardenas PRI.&#10;C) Import substitution was delayed in Mexico until the PRI party gave up its monopoly over national politics&#10;D) Mexico's economic dependence on the United States prevented it from adopting import substitution in the 20th century

Accepted Answer

Import substitution industrialization (ISI) and populism in Mexico were indeed closely associated with the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI), especially following the presidency of Lázaro Cárdenas. Cárdenas, who served from 1934 to 1940, implemented significant reforms that laid the groundwork for these policies, and the PRI, which dominated Mexican politics for much of the 20th century, continued to promote them.

Question 9

Relations between the populist parties and labor unions were characterized by:&#10;A) Corporatism&#10;B) Repression of all unions&#10;C) Respect for the rights of workers to form unions of their choice&#10;D) Independence of labor unions from political parties

Accepted Answer

Populist parties often engage in corporatism, a political ideology which advocates the organization of society by corporate groups, such as agricultural, labor, military, scientific, or guild associations. In the context of labor unions, this means that populist parties might incorporate unions into the political process in a controlled manner, rather than allowing them full independence or repressing them entirely. This approach can lead to a situation where unions are somewhat integrated into the state's mechanisms or into the party's political strategy, rather than being fully independent entities or being repressed.

Question 10

&#34;Justicialismo&#34; is associated with:&#10;A) The populist ideology of Juan and Eva Peron&#10;B) The demand for land reform during the Mexican Revolution&#10;C) Venezuelan nationalistis demand for a &#34;fair share&#34; of oil company profits&#10;D) Indigenous peoples' demand for recognition of their rights

Accepted Answer

"Justicialismo" is associated with the populist ideology of Juan and Eva Peron in Argentina, which emphasized social justice, economic nationalism, and political sovereignty.

Question 11

Chile's economy has been historically strongly linked since the early 1900s to export of...&#10;A) Oil&#10;B) Beef&#10;C) Copper&#10;D) Soy beans

Accepted Answer

The answer of Chile's economy has been historically strongly linked...

Deck 6: Populism, Development, and Democracy in the Twentieth Century