Question 1

Which definition best describes how Aristotle distinguished democracy from oligarchy?&#10;A) Rulers are elected in democracy, determined by God in oligarchies.&#10;B) Rulers are elected in democracies, put in power by the military in oligarchies.&#10;C) The people rule in democracies, the wealthy rule in oligarchies&#10;D) The people elect representatives in democracy, unelected leaders govern in oligarchies.

Accepted Answer

Aristotle distinguished democracy from oligarchy based on who holds power: in democracies, power is in the hands of the people, whereas in oligarchies, power is controlled by a wealthy few.

Question 2

The middle class in Latin America are best defined as:&#10;A) Everyone who has escaped precarity&#10;B) Those families with more income and wealth than the poor but have not escaped precarity&#10;C) Those who have achieved wealth and income comparable to the middle class in a develped country&#10;D) Only those people who have indoor plumbing, water, and electricity in their homes

Accepted Answer

The middle class in Latin America is best defined as those families with more income and wealth than the poor but have not escaped precarity. This captures the nuanced socio-economic status of the middle class in the region, which often includes vulnerability and a lack of security despite having higher income levels than the poorest groups.

Question 3

The idea of &#34;buen vivir&#34; refers in Bolivia and many other parts of Latin America to:&#10;A) A &#34;First World&#34; standard of living&#10;B) The right to a wage or salary high enough to escape poverty&#10;C) The extravagant displays of wealth by elites&#10;D) The indigenous idea of less consumerism and living in balance with nature

Accepted Answer

"Buen vivir" is an indigenous concept in Latin America, particularly in countries like Bolivia, that emphasizes living in harmony with nature and community rather than pursuing material wealth or consumerism. It advocates for a sustainable and equitable approach to life, contrasting with Western notions of development and progress.

Question 4

&#34;Hyperurbanization&#34; refers to:&#10;A) &#34;World cities&#34; in the age of globalization&#10;B) Cities that have more people than their infrastructure can sustain&#10;C) The intrusion of urban ways of life into the rural countryside&#10;D) Government programs to attract middle class people into central cities

Accepted Answer

Hyperurbanization occurs when a city grows so rapidly that its infrastructure cannot sustain the number of people living in it, leading to overcrowded conditions and strain on resources.

Question 5

Which of the following terms is NOT used commonly to refer to the poor residents of the barrios (neighborhoods)?&#10;A) Excluded&#10;B) Marginalized&#10;C) Indigenous&#10;D) Informal sector

Accepted Answer

The term "Indigenous" specifically refers to people who are native to a region, rather than to the economic or social status of being poor or living in slums, which is what "excluded," "marginalized," and "informal sector" imply in the context of describing residents of barrios.

Question 6

What best describes what happened in Latin America overall between 1990 and 2005?&#10;A) Economies contracted, and poverty and income inequality rates increased&#10;B) Economies grew but income inequality increased&#10;C) Poverty rates and income inequality both declined&#10;D) Poverty rates got worse, but income inequality declined

Accepted Answer

Between 1990 and 2005, Latin America experienced economic growth. However, this growth was accompanied by an increase in income inequality, meaning that the wealth generated was not evenly distributed among the population.

Question 7

Which Gini score indicates the highest degree of economic equality? A) .75 B) .50 C) .25 D) x²

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which Gini score indicates the highest degree...

Question 8

The idea that racial prejudice no longer exists in Latin America is known as:&#10;A) Buen vivir&#10;B) Compadrazgo&#10;C) Myth of mestizaje&#10;D) Criollismo

Accepted Answer

The answer of The idea that racial prejudice no longer...

Question 9

In Brazil, affirmative action for Afro-descendents:&#10;A) Has been rejected and declared illegal by the courts&#10;B) Is not even under consideration because all Brazilians have African ancestry&#10;C) Is limited to Afro-decendent women&#10;D) Is being implemented in university admissions

Accepted Answer

Affirmative action for Afro-descendents in Brazil is being implemented in university admissions, among other areas, to address historical inequalities and improve access to higher education for Afro-Brazilian populations.

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of intersectionality?&#10;A) Rates of poverty Latin America are higher than in Asia.&#10;B) There are big differences in poverty rates between countries like Honduras versus countries like Argentina and Chile.&#10;C) Class differences are spread equally across different racial groups.&#10;D) People with more wealth also are very likely to have more income.

Accepted Answer

Intersectionality refers to how different social categories like race, class, and gender intersect and create overlapping systems of disadvantage or discrimination. Option C highlights how class differences intersect with racial groups, illustrating this concept.

Deck 3: The Few and the Many: Inequality in Latin American Politics