Deck 10: Bivariate Measures of Association

Question 1

Which of the following correlation coefficients indicates the weakest relationship?

A) -.77
B) -.25
C) +.10
D) +.50

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which of the following correlation coefficients indicates the strongest relationship?

A) -.77
B) -.25
C) +.10
D) +.50

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which of the following correlation coefficients indicates the weakest relationship?

A) -.60
B) -.42
C) +.55
D) +.80

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which of the following correlation coefficients indicates the strongest relationship?

A) -.91
B) -.59
C) +.05
D) +.95

Question 5

Which of the following correlation coefficients indicates the weakest relationship?

A) -.70
B) -.62
C) +.50
D) +.65

Question 6

If the number of children and household income are strongly positively correlated, then those with more income tend to have more children.

Question 7

If the number of children and number of pets are strongly positively correlated, then those with more pets tend to have fewer children.

Question 8

If the kindergarten readiness and IQ are strongly negatively correlated, then those with lower IQ tend to be more prepared for kindergarten.

Question 9

If work ethic and salary are strongly negatively correlated, then those with lower work ethic tend to be paid more.

Question 10

For variables X and Y, given a correlation coefficient of +.80, which one of the following is a correct statement?

A) As X decreases, Y decreases
B) As X decreases, Y increases
C) As X increases, Y decreases
D) X causes Y

Question 11

For variables X and Y, given a correlation coefficient of -.80, which one of the following is a correct statement?

A) As X decreases, Y decreases
B) As X increases, Y increases
C) As X increases, Y decreases
D) X causes Y

Question 12

For variables X and Y, given a correlation coefficient of -.95, which one of the following is a correct statement?

A) As X decreases, Y decreases
B) As X increases, Y increases
C) As X increases, Y decreases
D) X causes Y

Question 13

For variables X and Y, given a correlation coefficient of +.75, which one of the following is a correct statement?

A) As X decreases, Y decreases
B) As X decreases, Y increases
C) As X increases, Y decreases
D) X causes Y

Question 14

Mark wants to know if there is a relationship between men's height and shirt size. He randomly samples 100 men and gathers data on two variables: 1) height in inches (ratio measurement scale); and 2) shirt size (small, medium, large). Which statistical procedure is most appropriate to use to test the hypothesis?

A) Pearson correlation coefficient
B) Phi coefficient
C) Spearman or Kendall tau's correlation coefficient

Question 15

A civil engineer wants to know if there is a relationship between the number of stoplights in a city and the number of wrecks during a six week period. He randomly samples 100 cities across the U.S. and gathers data on: 1) the number of stoplights in the city (ratio measurement scale) and 2) number of wrecks in that city during the past six weeks (ratio measurement scale). Which statistical procedure is most appropriate to use to test the hypothesis?

A) Pearson correlation coefficient
B) Phi coefficient
C) Spearman or Kendall tau's correlation coefficient

Question 16

Jasmine collects data on a random sample of 100 rollercoasters around the country. She collects data on the following: 1) height of highest peak on the coaster (measured in feet; ratio measurement scale) and 2) length of the coaster (measured in feet; ratio measurement scale). She is interested in examining if there is a relationship between the highest peak and length of the rollercoaster. Which statistical procedure is most appropriate to use to test the hypothesis?

A) Pearson correlation coefficient
B) Phi coefficient
C) Spearman or Kendall tau's correlation coefficient

Question 17

Aladdin wants to know if there is a relationship between the type of entrance exam completed and the graduate degree program that the student enters. He collects data from a random sample of 500 incoming UCF graduate students on the following: 1) type of graduate entrance exam completed (GRE, GMAT, MAT, other); and 2) graduate degree program the student is entering (master's, Ed.S., Ed.D., Ph.D.). Which statistical procedure is most appropriate to use to test the hypothesis?

A) Pearson correlation coefficient
B) Phi coefficient
C) Spearman or Kendall tau's correlation coefficient

Question 18

Matthew is a speech writer for politicians. He wants to know if there is a relationship between the number of words in campaign speeches and the number of votes obtained. He randomly samples 50 politicians and gathers data on two variables: 1) the number of words used in their last known campaign speech (ratio level measurement scale); and 2) the number of votes received (ratio level measurement scale). Which statistical procedure is most appropriate to use to test the hypothesis?

A) Pearson correlation coefficient
B) Phi coefficient
C) Spearman or Kendall tau's correlation coefficient

Question 19

Aladdin wants to know if the same proportion of master's and bachelor's degree recipients accepts jobs either in or out-of-state. He randomly samples 250 individuals who graduated in spring 2008 with their master's or bachelor's and collects data on the following: 1) degree attained (two categories: master's or bachelor's) and 2) place of employment (two categories: in-state or out-of-state). Which statistical procedure is most appropriate to use to test the hypothesis?

A) Pearson correlation coefficient
B) Phi coefficient
C) Spearman or Kendall tau's correlation coefficient

Question 20

Wesley is interested in seeing if there is a relationship between voter registration status (registered voter or not) and whether or not the individual believes the incumbent will win. He collects data from 2,000 voters and collects data on the following two variables: a) voter registration status (two categories: registered or not registered); and b) belief of whether or not the incumbent will win (two categories: incumbent will win or incumbent will not win). Which statistical procedure is most appropriate to use to test the hypothesis?

A) Pearson correlation coefficient
B) Phi coefficient
C) Spearman or Kendall tau's correlation coefficient

Question 21

The variance of X is 16, the variance of Y is 25, and the covariance between X and Y is 4. What is r_XY?

A) .10
B) .25
C) .50
D) .75

Question 22

The variance of X is 36, the variance of Y is 36, and the covariance between X and Y is 49. What is r_XY?

A) .20
B) .36
C) .42
D) .49

Question 23

The variance of X is 25, the variance of Y is 64, and the covariance between X and Y is 81. What is r_XY?

A) .23
B) .30
C) .40
D) .56

Question 24

The variance of X is 81, the variance of Y is 100, and the covariance between X and Y is 64. What is r_XY?

A) .40
B) .56
C) .64
D) .89

Question 25

The variance of X is 4, the variance of Y is 16, and the covariance between X and Y is 36. What is r_XY?

A) .24
B) .48
C) .60
D) .75

Question 26

You are given the following pairs of sample scores on X and Y. Determine the Pearson correlation coefficient.

Question 27

You are given the following pairs of sample scores on X and Y. Determine the Pearson correlation coefficient using SPSS.

Question 28

If r_XY = .70 for a random sample of size 20, test the hypothesis that the population Pearson is significantly different from 0 (conduct a two-tailed test at the .05 level of significance).

Question 29

If r_XY = .50 for a random sample of size 10, test the hypothesis that the population Pearson is significantly different from 0 (conduct a two-tailed test at the .01 level of significance).

Question 30

If r_XY = .40 for a random sample of size 122, test the hypothesis that the population Pearson is significantly different from 0 (conduct a two-tailed test at the .01 level of significance).