Question 1

Children do better at preferential looking paradigms &#8230;&#10;A)with three-word sentences&#10;B)with familiar words&#10;C)with corresponding video&#10;D)with complex sentences

Accepted Answer

Children perform better with familiar words because they can recognize and process them more easily, enhancing their ability to focus and respond in preferential looking paradigms.

Question 2

Children reared in a language-poor enviroment may be susceptible to &#8230;&#10;A)greater genetic susceptibility to SLI&#10;B)mutation to the FOXP2 gene&#10;C)language disadvantage&#10;D)language disorder

Accepted Answer

Children in a language-poor environment may not have enough exposure to language, which can lead to a language disadvantage in terms of vocabulary and language skills development.

Question 3

A researcher who preferred 'nurture' over 'nature' models would most likely suscribe to __________ theories of language development.&#10;A)nativist&#10;B)inside-out&#10;C)syntactical&#10;D)outside-in

Accepted Answer

A researcher who prefers 'nurture' over 'nature' models would likely subscribe to theories that emphasize the role of the environment and learning in language development. "Outside-in" theories fit this description, as they suggest that language development is influenced by external factors, such as interaction with caregivers and exposure to language, rather than innate biological mechanisms.

Question 4

Most children display a sharp increase in sentence complexity after &#8230;&#10;A)12 months&#10;B)30 months&#10;C)24 months&#10;D)16 months

Accepted Answer

Most children typically show a significant increase in sentence complexity around 24 months as they begin to combine words into simple sentences.

Question 5

Children describing a sentence with nonsense words helps to demonstrate &#8230;&#10;A)language development&#10;B)outside-in theories&#10;C)syntactic bootstrapping&#10;D)pilking

Accepted Answer

Syntactic bootstrapping is the process by which children use the structure of a sentence to infer the meaning of unfamiliar words, even if they are nonsense words.

Question 6

Incidence of specific language impairment is higher in &#8230;&#10;A)boys&#10;B)autistic children&#10;C)girls&#10;D)children with low IQ

Accepted Answer

Specific language impairment is more commonly diagnosed in boys than in girls.

Question 7

A case is said to be cormorbid when &#8230;&#10;A)a child has a developmental disorder&#10;B)two or more developmental disorders are present&#10;C)the prognosis for recovery of the disorder is doubtful&#10;D)the developmental disorder is remediated

Accepted Answer

Comorbidity refers to the presence of two or more disorders or illnesses in the same person, simultaneously or sequentially. Thus, when two or more developmental disorders are present in an individual, the case is considered comorbid.

Question 8

Chomsky's theory of language development requires &#8230;&#10;A)no experience&#10;B)much language-specific experience&#10;C)minimal experience&#10;D)minimal language-specific experience

Accepted Answer

Chomsky's theory, particularly the concept of Universal Grammar, suggests that humans are born with an innate ability to acquire language, requiring minimal language-specific experience.

Question 9

Inside-out theories of language development do NOT argue for &#8230;&#10;A)a minimised role for children's experience&#10;B)a language faculty in the brain&#10;C)domain-specific brain architecture&#10;D)domain-general brain architecture

Accepted Answer

Inside-out theories of language development, such as those proposed by Noam Chomsky, argue for a language-specific faculty in the brain (a domain-specific brain architecture) and minimize the role of children's experience in language learning. They do not support the idea of domain-general brain architecture, which suggests that the brain does not have specialized areas for language but rather uses general cognitive processes for language learning.

Question 10

That the FOXP2 gene is found in mice helps to show that &#8230;&#10;A)some causes of language impairments are domain-general&#10;B)some causes of language impairment are domain-specific&#10;C)mice have a capacity for language&#10;D)there is a single gene for language

Accepted Answer

The presence of the FOXP2 gene in mice, which is also associated with language in humans, suggests that some causes of language impairments are domain-general, meaning they are not specific to language alone but may affect multiple cognitive domains. This is because mice do not have language in the same way humans do, indicating that the gene's functions can be broader than just language.

Question 11

Children learn to combine words &#8230;&#10;A)at roughly the same age&#10;B)at two and a half years old&#10;C)at three years old&#10;D)at ages which vary considerably

Accepted Answer

The answer of Children learn to combine words &#8230;&#10;A)at roughly...

Question 12

Chomsky would argue for the triggering of ______________ to explain why children from different countries learn to speak different languages.&#10;A)syntactic rules&#10;B)the language centre of the brain&#10;C)parameters&#10;D)the 'pro-drop'

Accepted Answer

The answer of Chomsky would argue for the triggering of...

Question 13

Inside-out theories emphasise:&#10;A)learning procedures&#10;B)innate learning&#10;C)social and cognitive domains&#10;D)children's experience

Accepted Answer

The answer of Inside-out theories emphasise:&#10;A)learning procedures&#10;B)innate learning&#10;C)social and cognitive...

Question 14

In ______________ children are able to link categories like people or things via 'linking rules'.&#10;A)syntactic bootstrapping&#10;B)semantic bootstrapping&#10;C)inferrence&#10;D)pivot schema

Accepted Answer

The answer of In ______________ children are able to link...

Question 15

Overregularisation errors can show &#8230;&#10;A)awareness of morphological rules&#10;B)a need for grammar instruction&#10;C)underdevelopment of language centre&#10;D)syntactic bootstrapping

Accepted Answer

The answer of Overregularisation errors can show &#8230;&#10;A)awareness of morphological...

Question 16

Children do NOT develop grammar more quickly if they are &#8230;&#10;A)spoken to in lengthy, complex sentences&#10;B)asked lots of questions&#10;C)given instructions&#10;D)spoken to about activities they are currently involved in

Accepted Answer

The answer of Children do NOT develop grammar more quickly...

Question 17

Adding 'ed' to make the word 'fall' past tense is an example of &#8230;&#10;A)semantic bootstrapping&#10;B)pivot schema&#10;C)inferrence&#10;D)an overregularisation error

Accepted Answer

The answer of Adding 'ed' to make the word 'fall'...

Question 18

In comparison with receptive language, difficulties with expressive language are _________ subject to genetic effects.&#10;A)less&#10;B)more&#10;C)equally&#10;D)not

Accepted Answer

The answer of In comparison with receptive language, difficulties with...

Question 19

Children combining a word such as 'no' with many other words is an example of &#8230;&#10;A)pivot schema&#10;B)semantic bootstrapping&#10;C)syntactic bootstrapping&#10;D)inference

Accepted Answer

The answer of Children combining a word such as 'no'...

Question 20

Specific language impairment can be diagnosed if language ability is &#8230;&#10;A)one standard deviation lower than chronological age&#10;B)two standard deviations below non-verbal IQ&#10;C)one standard deviation lower than non-verbal IQ&#10;D)two standard deviations below verbal IQ

Accepted Answer

The answer of Specific language impairment can be diagnosed if...

Deck 7: Language Development in the Preschool Years