Question 1

According to a study by Bradley and Bryant(1983), children learned to read most successfully when they received training in &#8230;&#10;A)phonological analysis&#10;B)phonological analysis and letter-sound relations&#10;C)word meaning&#10;D)letter-sound relations

Accepted Answer

Bradley and Bryant (1983) found that children learned to read most successfully when they received training in both phonological analysis and letter-sound relations, as this combination helps in understanding the sound structure of words and how these sounds relate to letters and words.

Question 2

The 'Matthew effect' describes the phenomenon In which &#8230;&#10;A)reading ability at 1st grade predicts reading ability at 11th grade&#10;B)reading a lot drives continued progress in reading ability&#10;C)the influence of decoding on reading comprehension decreases over time&#10;D)the correlation between reading comprehension and listening comprehension increases over time

Accepted Answer

The 'Matthew effect' refers to the phenomenon where individuals who start with an advantage, such as reading a lot, continue to progress and improve, while those who start with a disadvantage fall further behind.

Question 3

According to Seymour, Aro and Erskine(2003), Italian children learn to read faster than English children because &#8230;&#10;A)they have a higher innate intelligence&#10;B)high orthographic transparency&#10;C)greater societal emphases on literacy&#10;D)low orthographic transparency

Accepted Answer

Italian has high orthographic transparency, meaning there is a clear correspondence between letters and sounds, which makes learning to read easier and faster compared to English, which has a more complex orthographic system.

Question 4

Which strategy is learning to read by building up a vocabulary of sight words?&#10;A)alphabetic strategy&#10;B)vocabulary strategy&#10;C)phonetic strategy&#10;D)logographic strategy

Accepted Answer

The logographic strategy involves learning to read by recognizing whole words visually as single units or logos, building up a vocabulary of sight words without necessarily understanding the underlying letter-sound relationships.

Question 5

According to Muter et al.(2004), reading comprehension relies on &#8230;&#10;A)vocabulary knowledge&#10;B)vocabulary knowledge and grammatical awareness&#10;C)grammatical awareness and phoneme manipulation&#10;D)letter-sound knowledge and sight word recognition

Accepted Answer

Muter et al. (2004) emphasize that reading comprehension is significantly influenced by both vocabulary knowledge and grammatical awareness. These elements help readers understand the meaning of texts and how words are structured and related to each other in sentences.

Question 6

Which skills best predict later reading performance(Hatcher, Hulme & Snowling, 2004)?&#10;A)Phoneme manipulation and syllable recognition&#10;B)Rhyme recognition and letter knowledge&#10;C)Rhyme recognition and phoneme manipulation&#10;D)Letter knowledge and phoneme manipulation

Accepted Answer

Letter knowledge and phoneme manipulation are strong predictors of later reading performance, as they are foundational skills for understanding the alphabetic principle and decoding words.

Question 7

Which is NOT an indicator of developmental dyslexia?&#10;A)difficulty understanding the meaning of text&#10;B)poor phonological skills&#10;C)difficulty with nonword repetition&#10;D)poor spelling

Accepted Answer

Difficulty understanding the meaning of text is more indicative of a comprehension issue rather than developmental dyslexia. Dyslexia primarily affects the ability to read words, spell, and sometimes speak, rather than understanding the meaning of text directly.

Question 8

What two main types of reading disorders are described by Hoover and Gough(1990)?&#10;A)decoding and reading comprehension&#10;B)decoding and reading accuracy&#10;C)reading accuracy and fluency&#10;D)fluency and reading comprehension

Accepted Answer

Hoover and Gough (1990) describe two main types of reading disorders: decoding and reading comprehension. These two components are fundamental in their Simple View of Reading model, which posits that reading comprehension is the product of decoding skills and language comprehension abilities.

Question 9

In an intervention study conducted by Berninger et al.(2002), children showed the most improvement in writing ability when receiving instruction in &#8230;&#10;A)spelling only&#10;B)reflective discussion only&#10;C)drawing&#10;D)both spelling and reflective discussion

Accepted Answer

Berninger et al. (2002) found that children showed the most improvement in writing ability when the instruction combined both spelling and reflective discussion, indicating that a multifaceted approach to writing instruction can be more effective than focusing on a single aspect.

Question 10

In English, the learning of correct spelling typically &#8230;&#10;A)is the same as learning to read&#10;B)is acquired more readily than reading&#10;C)lags behind learning to read&#10;D)is a precursor to learning to read

Accepted Answer

Learning to spell correctly usually comes after a person has begun to learn how to read, as spelling requires understanding the relationship between letters and sounds that is more complex than basic reading skills.

Question 11

The alphabetic strategy &#8230;&#10;A)involves recognised strings of letters that commonly go together&#10;B)involves recognising sight words&#10;C)involves using grapheme to phoneme rules&#10;D)involves recitation of the letters in the correct order

Accepted Answer

The answer of The alphabetic strategy &#8230;&#10;A)involves recognised strings of...

Question 12

Which language does NOT have high orthographic transparency for reading?&#10;A)Italian&#10;B)Greek&#10;C)English&#10;D)Spanish

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which language does NOT have high orthographic...

Question 13

Which activity was NOT listed as being beneficial to help children progress in reading(Lundbert et al., 1980)?&#10;A)Sight word memorisation&#10;B)Finding the initial phoneme in a word&#10;C)Rhyme recognition&#10;D)Syllable segmentation

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which activity was NOT listed as being...

Question 14

Using phonological knowledge of a word such as 'light' to make a guess about the pronunciation of a word like 'sight' is an example of a/an _________________ strategy.&#10;A)logographic&#10;B)orthographic&#10;C)alphabetic&#10;D)letter-sound

Accepted Answer

The answer of Using phonological knowledge of a word such...

Question 15

According to Grough, Hoover and Peterson(1996), the relationship between reading comprehension and listening comprehension __________ over time.&#10;A)decreases&#10;B)stays the same&#10;C)varies&#10;D)increases

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Grough, Hoover and Peterson(1996), the...

Question 16

According to Caravolas(2005), the link between phonemic skills and spelling is _____________ for languages with high and low orthographic transparency.&#10;A)stronger for languages with high orthographic tranparency&#10;B)stronger for languages with low orthographic transparency&#10;C)equally strong for languages with high and low orthographic transparency&#10;D)equally weak for languages with high and low orthographic transparency

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Caravolas(2005), the link between phonemic...

Question 17

Children start to include a vowel in every syllable in Gentry's(1982) ____________ stage of spelling.&#10;A)post-transitional&#10;B)pre-phonetic&#10;C)phonetic&#10;D)transitional

Accepted Answer

The answer of Children start to include a vowel in...

Question 18

In Gentry's(1982) pre-phonetic stage, children &#8230;&#10;A)begin to use some letters that reflect the sounds in words they are trying to spell&#10;B)demonstrate no awareness between letters and sounds when spelling&#10;C)show a one-to-one correspondence between letters and sounds&#10;D)take account of English spelling patterns

Accepted Answer

The answer of In Gentry's(1982) pre-phonetic stage, children &#8230;&#10;A)begin to...

Question 19

Muter(2004) found that ___________ at age five were a strong predictor of reading comprehension at age six.&#10;A)word reading skills&#10;B)inference skills&#10;C)decoding skills&#10;D)syntactic awareness

Accepted Answer

The answer of Muter(2004) found that ___________ at age five...

Question 20

Because it is used in 30 to 60 per cent of school activities, ____________ has been found to be correlated with self-esteem(Rosenblum & Livneh-Zirinski, 2008)&#10;A)spelling&#10;B)reading&#10;C)handwriting&#10;D)mathematics

Accepted Answer

The answer of Because it is used in 30 to...

Deck 11: Literacy