Deck 5: Language and Identity in Intercultural Communication

Question 1

Social institutions influence the formation of our identities.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Individualism is the dimension of culture that refers to social cohesion and inclusion.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

In contexts that stress individualism, an interdependent self-construal is promoted.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

People may display different self-identities in different social situations or contexts.

Question 5

Most scholars today view identity as singular and fixed.

Question 6

Being different from the majority can trigger deep reflection on one's identities.

Question 7

An individual's self-identities may change due to a shift in economic, personal, and social circumstances.

Question 8

Our avowed identity is the one that others give to us.

Question 9

Through our verbal and nonverbal communication we may convey aspects of our identity that are especially meaningful to us.

Question 10

Ascription refers to the process of assigning in another person what you think his or her identity should be.

Question 11

A contested identity is the degree to which an identity stands out in a particular situation.

Question 12

The degree of significance of a particular identity is referred to as identity intensity.

Question 13

Individuals with a strong ethnic identity may wear ethnic clothing and prepare traditional dishes on a regular basis.

Question 14

We can manipulate some aspects of our identities through our nonverbal actions.

Question 15

According to social identity theory, our social identity consists of our social group mem-bership affiliations and the emotional meaning of that membership.

Question 16

Cultural identities are relational, that is, our emotional attachment to a particular group is not influenced by how we believe others regard our group.

Question 17

Racial identity is no longer a contested notion.

Question 18

Language identity refers to the relationship between our sense of self and the language(s) we speak.

Question 19

The communication accommodation theory posits that language may be used as an identity marker to either bring us closer to or further apart from individuals who possess different linguistic and cultural identities.

Question 20

A global nomad is an individual who is able to successfully adopt an international lifestyle, speak multiple languages, and avoid identity confusion.

Question 21

Briefly discuss the relationship between communication, culture, and identity.

Question 22

Identify and discuss four characteristics of identity.

Question 23

Briefly explain how language identities are shaped and formed.

Question 24

Identify, define, and provide examples of three types of identity.

Question 25

Explain the terms 'independent self-construal' and 'interdependent self-construal'. Pro-vide examples of each and discuss possible implications for intercultural communication between individuals with divergent self-construals.

Question 26

Describe four ways in which people communicate their cultural identities to others.

Question 27

Explain how individuals may negotiate their ethnic identities in intercultural interactions.

Question 28

Explain the identity challenges and benefits that a global nomad may experience.

Question 29

Explain how and why various forms of identities may be contested or challenged in inter-cultural interactions. Provide examples.

Question 30

Briefly discuss the relationship between language, culture, and identity in relation to the experiences of third culture individuals (TCIs). Include examples to illustrate your ideas.

Question 31

Our _________ is basically our self-concept or sense of self.

A) culture
B) majority identity
C) identity
D) interdependent self-construal

Question 32

The formation of our identity is influenced by __________________.

A) the education system
B) our family
C) the mass media
D) all of the above

Question 33

An independent self-construal ______________.

A) is emphasized in a collectivist cultural context.
B) is a self-perception that stresses one's interconnectedness
C) both a and b
D) neither a nor b

Question 34

Most identity researchers today, view identity as ____________.

A) singular
B) multifaceted and complex
C) fixed by adolescence
D) all of the above

Question 35

An individual's ________ identity may include her love of fun and extracurricular inter-ests, while her ________ identity includes her cultural or ethnic membership.

A) personal; social
B) social; personal
C) cultural; racial
D) racial; ethnic

Question 36

_________ identities include our gender, sexual orientation, class, political affiliation, and family roles.

A) Cultural
B) Social
C) Religious
D) Personal

Question 37

An ethnic identity is associated with _______________.

A) a sense of belonging to a particular ethnic group
B) knowledge about one's ethnic traditions and values
C) self-identification
D) all of the above

Question 38

_________ identity refers to a sense of belonging to a group that shares similar occupa-tional or social status.

A) Social
B) Class
C) Organizational
D) Personal

Question 39

Emblems of identity may include ___________.

A) uniforms
B) jewelry and designer bags
C) our posture
D) all of the above

Question 40

In some cultural contexts, gifted artists who are not wealthy may be accorded a(n) _______ and people may use __________ when addressing them.

A) low status; racial slurs
B) high status; honorifics
C) low status; honorifics
D) high status; slang

Question 41

Language identity is associated with ______________.

A) one's degree of proficiency in a particular language
B) language inheritance
C) one's attitudes towards the language one speaks
D) all of the above

Question 42

The communication accommodation theory suggests that ________ may be used as a(n) ____________ to draw us closer to or further apart from our communication partners.

A) language; identity marker
B) identity; barrier
C) identity; emblem
D) code-mixing; symbol

Question 43

In ____________ the first language and culture are maintained as a second language develops, whereas in _________ a second language is added at the expense of one's first language and culture.

A) convergence; divergence
B) divergence; convergence
C) subtractive bilingualism; additive bilingualism
D) additive bilingualism; subtractive bilingualism

Question 44

A(n) _____________ identity and sense of __________ may develop as a result of fre-quent cultural border crossings.

A) multicultural; inbetweeness
B) cultural; harmony
C) relational; confusion
D) organizational; pride

Question 45

__________ identities integrate diverse cultural elements.

A) Hybrid
B) Mixed
C) Both a and b
D) Neither a nor b

Question 46

_______________ may develop in global nomads who are torn between conflicting cul-tural loyalties and unable to form a unified identity.

A) marginality
B) a state of inbetweeness
C) both a and b
D) neither a nor b

Question 47

_______________ refers to the part of one's personal identity that is linked to the social roles and expectations established for each sex, while ___________ refers to who one is romantically or sexually attracted to.

A) Sexual identity; gender identity
B) Gender identity; sexual identity
C) Sexual orientation; gender identity
D) Gender identity; heterosexuality

Question 48

_____________ is concerned with the process whereby individuals decide what their rela-tionship to religion will be, whereas ___________ refers to how individuals develop a sense of what it means to be a member of a particular profession.

A) Religious identity; professional identity
B) Secular identity; organizational identity
C) Religious identity formation; professional identity formation
D) Secular identity formation; organizational identity formation

Question 49

A __________ identity enables people to feel connected to a worldwide culture.

A) bicultural
B) global
C) national
D) regional

Question 50

In ___________ communities, individuals may create a(n) ___________ which acts as an interface between the physical person and the virtual person that others see on their com-puter screen.

A) online; cyber identity
B) multicultural; persona
C) virtual; class identity
D) cyberculture; ascribed identity