Deck 5: Parole in America

Question 1

The following was cited as an advantage of parole in its formative years in this nation:

A) it supported prison discipline
B) it motivated the inmate to reform
C) it served as a safety value to reduce prison populations
D) all of the above

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Parole as an early release mechanism in this country was first implemented in:

A) Mississippi
B) Elmira Reformatory
C) Alcatraz
D) Walnut Street Jail

Answer 2

B

Question 3

In most jurisdictions with an indeterminate sentence, the date to parole eligibility can be reduced by:

A) jail-time credits
B) credit granted for good behavior
C) credit granted for performance of duties
D) all of the above

Answer 3

D

Question 4

An argument for parole board decision-making guidelines would be that:

A) they help structure discretionary power of the parole board
B) they reduce sentencing disparity
C) they promote equity and fairness
D) all of the above

Question 5

The U.S. Supreme Court established procedures for parole revocation with the case of:

A) Gatto v. Scarpetti
B) White v. Seiter
C) In re Killits
D) Morrissey v. Brewer

Question 6

Parole was originally implemented as a method of releasing reformed inmates at the ideal time.

Question 7

Under indeterminate sentencing, judges have little impact upon the actual length of time the inmate will serve once the sentence is pronounced.

Question 8

Inmates can generally choose not to be released on parole.

Question 9

At the expiration of a portion of the indeterminate sentence, less time granted for good behavior and performance of duties and jail time credit, an individual becomes eligible for parole.

Question 10

Parole is the most frequently used mechanism by which offenders may be released from a correctional institution after completion of a portion of their sentence.

Question 11

Criminologists commonly accept transportation as a forerunner of parole.

Question 12

The indeterminate sentence requires the offender to serve a flat period of imprisonment.

Question 13

Parole is an administrative process located within the executive branch of every state.

Question 14

Parole is a privilege, not a right.

Question 15

The number of parolees in the nation has been decreasing over the last decade.

Question 16

The standard of proof at a parole revocation hearing is usually "probable cause."

Question 17

Discretionary parole contains the authority to retain dangerous offenders up to their maximum sentences.

Question 18

Morrissey v. Brewer granted the right of counsel to persons undergoing parole revocation.

Question 19

A parolee who is returned to prison for failing to conform to the conditions of parole (but who has not committed a new crime):

A) is usually known as a technical parole violator
B) is called an absconder
C) is called a habitual offender
D) is usually let out after only serving a few days

Question 20

Match each corresponding item.
-Order of transportation

A) banishment
B) Quakers
C) flopped
D) Maconochie
E) max-out
F) Morrissey v. Brewer
G) rules to follow

Question 21

Match each corresponding item.
-Early reform group in America

A) banishment
B) Quakers
C) flopped
D) Maconochie
E) max-out
F) Morrissey v. Brewer
G) rules to follow

Question 22

Match each corresponding item.
-Inmate is denied early release by parole board

A) banishment
B) Quakers
C) flopped
D) Maconochie
E) max-out
F) Morrissey v. Brewer
G) rules to follow

Question 23

Match each corresponding item.
-Father of Parole

A) banishment
B) Quakers
C) flopped
D) Maconochie
E) max-out
F) Morrissey v. Brewer
G) rules to follow

Question 24

Match each corresponding item.
-Inmate serves entire prison sentence

A) banishment
B) Quakers
C) flopped
D) Maconochie
E) max-out
F) Morrissey v. Brewer
G) rules to follow

Question 25

Match each corresponding item.
-Governs parole revocation

A) banishment
B) Quakers
C) flopped
D) Maconochie
E) max-out
F) Morrissey v. Brewer
G) rules to follow

Question 26

Match each corresponding item.
-Parole conditions

A) banishment
B) Quakers
C) flopped
D) Maconochie
E) max-out
F) Morrissey v. Brewer
G) rules to follow

Question 27

Contrast the punishment model with the reform model of corrections.

Question 28

How did Maconochie contribute to the development of parole?

Question 29

How did parole develop in the United States?

Question 30

What were the earlier criticisms of parole in America?

Question 31

What functions do parole boards serve?

Question 32

Explain how parole guidelines work.

Question 33

How can parole boards implement and use intermediate sanctions?

Question 34

Describe Maconochie's five basic principles for granting conditional release.

Question 35

Define each of the following: indeterminate sentence, pardon, and parole.

Question 36

What changes did the American Prison Association endorse for American corrections?

Question 37

Develop an argument in favor of abolishing parole.

Question 38

Explain the rights available to parolees under Morrissey v. Brewer.

Question 39

How do program credits and good time credits work?

Question 40

What are the five basic functions of parole?

Question 41

Discuss the factors for granting parole other than probability of recidivism.

Question 42

What do you consider to be the three most important criteria in making a parole release decision?

Question 43

How will you factor in the victim's concerns?

Question 44

How important are institutional factors, such as participation in programs, good behavior, and staff recommendations, in your decision?

Question 45

How will you ensure fairness?

Question 46

Given what we know about who is successful on parole, what kind of policies will you recommend to the governor concerning parole reform?