Deck 3: Sentencing and Community Corrections

Question 1

In the "Progressive Era" of corrections in this nation, it was argued that:

A) certain but humane punishment would deter offenders from criminal careers.
B) offenders were out of touch with God and should be encouraged to re-establish that relationship.
C) rational persons would seek to avoid pain and seek pleasure.
D) all of the above

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The "ticket of leave" is associated with the correctional reform efforts of:

A) Thomas Merton
B) Walter Crofton
C) Elam Lynds
D) J. Edgar Hoover

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of the following contributed to the shift from indeterminate to determinate sentencing in this nation?

A) prison uprisings
B) demand for accountability in official decision-making
C) the rehabilitation ideal was challenged
D) all of the above

Answer 3

D

Question 4

When the rehabilitation goal of corrections was challenged in the 1970s, the __________ correctional goal emerged.

A) incapacitation
B) deterrence
C) retribution
D) all of the above

Question 5

"The highest-risk offenders should receive longer prison sentences in order to prevent any more criminal behavior" is an argument of the correctional goal known as:

A) retribution
B) rehabilitation
C) selective incapacitation
D) indeterminate sentencing

Question 6

The prevention of criminal behavior through the threat of detection, apprehension, and punishment is known as:

A) retribution
B) deterrence
C) rehabilitation
D) incapacitation

Question 7

When the parole board opts to release an offender before the maximum sentence is met, that person receives:

A) discretionary parole
B) mandatory parole
C) unwarranted leniency
D) judicial reprieve

Question 8

A broad correctional ideology stressing acquisition of legitimate skills and opportunities by criminal offenders, and opportunities to use those skills in community settings is:

A) incapacitation
B) selective incapacitation
C) retribution
D) none of the above

Question 9

Statutes or regulations that allow for reducing a prison term based on an offender's behavior in prison are:

A) determinate sentencing regulations
B) sentencing guidelines
C) parole guidelines
D) good-time policies

Question 10

The exchange of prosecutorial and/or judicial concessions in return for a plea of guilty:

A) jury tampering
B) tourniquet sentencing
C) intermediate sanctions
D) plea bargaining

Question 11

Tightening or increasing the conditions of probation to encourage the client to conform to legal and supervisory expectations is:

A) tourniquet sentencing
B) sentence disparity
C) plea bargaining
D) judicial imperialism

Question 12

According to the text, making a sentencing decision is often the most difficult task for a sentencing judge, particularly in those states that have retained the indeterminate sentence.

Question 13

According to the text, the American penitentiary was a contribution to corrections throughout the world.

Question 14

Under the indeterminate sentence, the sentencing judge shares sentence length determination with the executive branch in which the parole board would be located.

Question 15

Sentencing guidelines structure judicial decision-making by providing criteria and weights to be used in setting sentence length.

Question 16

Most persons convicted in criminal courts plead guilty, usually for considerations.

Question 17

Explain the development of the indeterminate sentence.

Question 18

How was the offender viewed during the Progressive Era?

Question 19

How does the sentencing judge share sentencing with the parole board under the indeterminate sentence?

Question 20

What factors contributed to the change from indeterminate to determinate sentencing?

Question 21

Explain sentencing guidelines and how they function.

Question 22

What alternatives to incarceration would alleviate jail overcrowding?

Question 23

List five options that were proposed as alternatives to the indeterminate sentence.

Question 24

How can the chronic offender be identified?

Question 25

Define each of the following: mandatory minimum sentences, selective incapacitation, sentencing disparity, and deterrence.

Question 26

How is the determinate sentence different from the indeterminate sentence?

Question 27

Describe the three most restrictive sanctions

Question 28

Describe the three least restrictive sanctions

Question 29

Why do judges use the strategy known as tourniquet sentencing?

Question 30

What are intermediate controls?