Deck 1: Ideology and Ideologies

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a function of political ideologies?

A) orientation
B) evaluation
C) edification
D) political program
E) explanation

Answer 1

C

Question 2

People who are strongly committed to an ideology and try to persuade others to accept it are called

A) nationalists.
B) empiricists.
C) disciples.
D) ideologues.
E) the correct answer is not listed.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Some idea or conception of human nature is important to a political ideology because

A) it sets the limits of what the ideology considers to be possible to achieve politically.
B) it explains why ideologies are so attractive to so many people.
C) it provides an indication of how the ideology wants to change or reshape human nature.
D) it shows how ideologies use scientific studies of human nature for their own purposes.
E) people who need people are the luckiest people in the world.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which term best describes an attempt to bring about a radical transformation of society?

A) revolution
B) orientation
C) rebellion
D) coup d'état
E) reform

Question 5

Since the French Revolution, people who want to make radical changes in society have been called

A) leftists (or left wingers).
B) rightists (or right wingers).
C) centrists (or moderates).
D) recidivists.
E) ideologues.

Question 6

Political ideologies are like revolutionary movements because they assume or presuppose that

A) power corrupts, and absolute power corrupts absolutely.
B) every society will consist of a small group of leaders and a large group of followers.
C) people will take action, but they will do it only to promote their personal interests.
D) the more things change, the more they stay the same.
E) people can act to make a difference in the world.

Question 7

Empirical statements, such as the ones scientific theories use, try to

A) inspire revolutionary action.
B) disguise and defend the interests of the dominant class in society.
C) define one of the key terms of an ideological system.
D) describe some feature or features of the world.
E) prescribe how things ought to be.

Question 8

According to the functional definition of ideology, all ideologies try to

A) stir up the common people against their rulers.
B) protect the interests of the ruling class in society.
C) establish and defend some form of democracy.
D) explain why societies are always divided into rulers and ruled.
E) provide people with a sense of position or situation in society.

Question 9

The way political positions are now commonly described as left, right, or center comes from

A) the fact that Karl Marx and other prominent radicals have been left-handed.
B) the anarchists' attempt to overthrow the British government in 1848.
C) seating arrangements in the National Assembly during the French Revolution.
D) Karl Mannheim's attempt to distinguish central from peripheral ideologies.
E) soccer, where the most "radical dudes" always play the left-wing.

Question 10

Which of these statements about political ideologies is FALSE?

A) Political ideologies are static, or unchanging, in nature.
B) Ideologies include basic beliefs about human nature that shape their views of what is possible.
C) Ideologies usually claim to promote freedom.
D) Ideologies try to unite thought with action.
E) Ideologies sometimes simplify ideas to appeal to large numbers of people.

Question 11

According to the triadic model, freedom is

A) just another word for nothing left to lose.
B) something that all ideologies claim to promote.
C) something that some ideologies defend but others attack.
D) a matter of being free from obstacles in order to pursue a goal.
E) a right that all agents have to pursue happiness in whatever way they choose.

Question 12

Nationalists believe that

A) democracy is always the best form of government.
B) all governments are immoral because they deprive people of freedom.
C) people who share a common birth or homeland should be united in a political body.
D) a coup d'état is a safer way to achieve nationhood than a revolution.
E) ideologues are "terrible simplifiers" who are too dangerous to be trusted.

Question 13

Someone who believes that government or the state should be abolished or eliminated is

A) a nationalist.
B) an anarchist.
C) a democrat.
D) an ideologue.
E) an empiricist.

Question 14

According to MacCallum's triadic model of freedom, the three aspects of freedom are

A) agents, obstacles, and goals.
B) people, revolutions, and outcomes.
C) legislating, judging, and executing.
D) ideas, laws, and desires.
E) parties, negotiations, and policies.

Question 15

Ever since it was invented in the late 1700s, the term "ideology" has been used to link

A) science and religion.
B) logic and justice.
C) thought and action.
D) religion and revolution.
E) theory and education.

Question 16

Which of the following should NOT be considered political ideologies?

A) anarchism and environmentalism
B) liberalism and conservatism
C) conservatism and socialism
D) nationalism and socialism
E) anarchism, populism, and nationalism

Question 17

The term ideology originally meant the scientific study of the origin of ideas.

Question 18

The Greek root of our word anarchy, anarchos, means "chaos and confusion."

Question 19

Most radical ideologies are opposed to freedom.

Question 20

Every word that ends in "-ism" names an ideology.

Question 21

The term revolution originally meant a revolving or return or completion of a cycle.

Question 22

Like scientific theories, ideologies simply try to explain why things are the way they are.

Question 23

The term radical comes from the Greek radikalos, meaning "crazy" or "mad."

Question 24

Matching
Fill in the blanks with the letter corresponding to the names or terms listed below. Some names or terms may be used more than once and others not at all.
-A statement that tries to describe or explain the way things are:

A) empirical
B) normative
C) nationalist
D) anarchist
E) essentially contested concept
F)ideologically loaded term
G)ideologue
H) orientation
I) evaluation
J) program

Question 25

Matching
Fill in the blanks with the letter corresponding to the names or terms listed below. Some names or terms may be used more than once and others not at all.
-Someone who wants to abolish or do away with government:

A) empirical
B) normative
C) nationalist
D) anarchist
E) essentially contested concept
F)ideologically loaded term
G)ideologue
H) orientation
I) evaluation
J) program

Question 26

Matching
Fill in the blanks with the letter corresponding to the names or terms listed below. Some names or terms may be used more than once and others not at all.
-A statement that tries to prescribe how things should or ought to be:

A) empirical
B) normative
C) nationalist
D) anarchist
E) essentially contested concept
F)ideologically loaded term
G)ideologue
H) orientation
I) evaluation
J) program

Question 27

Matching
Fill in the blanks with the letter corresponding to the names or terms listed below. Some names or terms may be used more than once and others not at all.
-Someone who wants to unite a people who share a common birth into their own state:

A) empirical
B) normative
C) nationalist
D) anarchist
E) essentially contested concept
F)ideologically loaded term
G)ideologue
H) orientation
I) evaluation
J) program

Question 28

Matching
Fill in the blanks with the letter corresponding to the names or terms listed below. Some names or terms may be used more than once and others not at all.
-The fact that different ideologies have their own conceptions of freedom indicates that it is a/n:

A) empirical
B) normative
C) nationalist
D) anarchist
E) essentially contested concept
F)ideologically loaded term
G)ideologue
H) orientation
I) evaluation
J) program

Question 29

Matching
Fill in the blanks with the letter corresponding to the names or terms listed below. Some names or terms may be used more than once and others not at all.
-An ideology's plan for action-of what should be done-is its:

A) empirical
B) normative
C) nationalist
D) anarchist
E) essentially contested concept
F)ideologically loaded term
G)ideologue
H) orientation
I) evaluation
J) program

Question 30

Matching
Fill in the blanks with the letter corresponding to the names or terms listed below. Some names or terms may be used more than once and others not at all.
-The ideological function that helps people see how political events relate to them individually is:

A) empirical
B) normative
C) nationalist
D) anarchist
E) essentially contested concept
F)ideologically loaded term
G)ideologue
H) orientation
I) evaluation
J) program

Question 31

Matching
Fill in the blanks with the letter corresponding to the names or terms listed below. Some names or terms may be used more than once and others not at all.
-When an ideology assesses the goodness or badness of social conditions, it is engaged in:

A) empirical
B) normative
C) nationalist
D) anarchist
E) essentially contested concept
F)ideologically loaded term
G)ideologue
H) orientation
I) evaluation
J) program

Question 32

Identify and explain the significance of the following terms.
-ideologue

Question 33

Identify and explain the significance of the following terms.
-essentially contested concept

Question 34

Identify and explain the significance of the following terms.
-revolution

Question 35

Identify and explain the significance of the following terms.
-the explanatory function

Question 36

Identify and explain the significance of the following terms.
-the evaluative function

Question 37

Identify and explain the significance of the following terms.
-the orientative function

Question 38

Identify and explain the significance of the following terms.
-the programmatic function

Question 39

Identify and explain the significance of the following terms.
-nationalism

Question 40

Identify and explain the significance of the following terms.
-anarchism

Question 41

Identify and explain the significance of the following terms.
-empirical

Question 42

Identify and explain the significance of the following terms.
-normative

Question 43

What is the triadic model of freedom? What are its parts, and how can they be used to analyze, compare, and contrast political ideologies?

Question 44

What is a political ideology? In what ways is an ideology similar to, and in what ways different from, a scientific theory or a religion?

Question 45

Why are conceptions of or ideas about human nature and freedom so important to political ideologies?

Question 46

Ball, Dagger, and O'Neill maintain that nationalism, populism, and anarchism are not political ideologies. Why?