Deck 8: Liberation Ideologies and the Politics of Identity

Question 1

The people who advocate liberation theology encourage Christians to

A) give more attention to the material needs of the poor.
B) concentrate their efforts on the salvation of souls for the afterlife.
C) promote economic development in poor countries so that wealth will "trickle down" to the poor.
D) remember that poverty is simply a state of mind that can be overcome by prayer and spirituality.
E) engage in orthodontistry.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

According to those who argue for native people's liberation, which of the following is NOT a similarity that indigenous people share regardless of their geographic location?

A) The land of their ancestors was colonized by Europeans.
B) Their oppression has brought them closer together and given them a strong sense of identity.
C) They suffer from alcoholism and other social problems relatively unknown to their ancestors.
D) Their religions and traditions have been ridiculed as "savage" and "uncivilized."
E) They have become aliens and outsiders in their own lands.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Liberation ideologies share all of the following features EXCEPT the

A) desire to free an oppressed group from internal and external restrictions.
B) belief that violent resistance is the best way to overcome oppression.
C) desire to free oppressors from their false sense of superiority.
D) belief that the members of specific groups are oppressed by a dominant group.
E) desire to raise the consciousness of an oppressed group.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Feminists contend that the main obstacle to the full emancipation of women is

A) men.
B) women themselves.
C) sexism/patriarchalism.
D) Republicans.
E) none of the above.

Question 5

The difference between liberal feminists and radical feminists is that

A) liberal feminists tend to emphasize the essential sameness of the two sexes.
B) radical feminists seek equality of opportunity as their main goal.
C) radical feminists downplay the need for women to overcome their own internal sexism.
D) liberal feminists are in favor of banning pornography because they think it degrades women.
E) liberal feminists prefer Howard Stern to Rush Limbaugh.

Question 6

The primary goals of the black nationalist conception of freedom are

A) equality of opportunity and civil rights.
B) reparations and a separate nation for African-Americans.
C) equal distribution of wealth and power for everyone regardless of his or her race.
D) equal representation in universities and in the workplace.
E) black power, pride, and dignity through self-definition.

Question 7

The symbol of the Gay Liberation Movement is the

A) pink carnation.
B) pink pentangle.
C) pink triangle.
D) pink fist.
E) none of the above.

Question 8

The obstacle that gay liberationists seek to overcome is

A) homogeneity.
B) hemophilia.
C) xenophobia.
D) homophobia.
E) heterodoxy.

Question 9

Which of the following asks people to exercise the "option for the poor"?

A) native peoples' liberation
B) liberation theology
C) welfare feminism
D) radical liberalism
E) animal liberation

Question 10

The obstacle that black liberationists seek to overcome is

A) speciesism.
B) autism.
C) altruism.
D) sexism.
E) none of the above.

Question 11

Every liberation ideology tries to

A) suppress the consciousness of the group it addresses.
B) enslave the oppressors in order to free the oppressed.
C) show people how there are no real differences between groups of people.
D) free the oppressed from both internal and external restraints.
E) promote equality of opportunity in a classless society.

Question 12

According to liberation theology, Christians should pay more attention to

A) action in the world-i.e., orthopraxis.
B) true faith and belief-i.e., orthodoxy.
C) complete and total happiness-i.e., eudaimonism.
D) total and permanent revolution-i.e., eustasis.
E) Malthus's law.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a feature that liberation ideologies typically share?

A) belief in the need to "raise the consciousness" of the oppressed group
B) identification of a dominant group as the source of oppression
C) belief that people are oppressed as individuals and must liberate themselves as individuals
D) belief that liberation will free the oppressor as well as the oppressed
E) need to free the oppressed from both internal and external restraints

Question 14

Liberation theology has been most influential in which continent?

A) Africa
B) Asia
C) Europe
D) North America
E) South America

Question 15

The obstacle(s) that the animal liberation movement seeks to overcome is (or are)

A) sexism.
B) speciesism.
C) racism.
D) cannibalism.
E) both A and D are correct.

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of what animal liberationists call speciesism?

A) wearing fur coats or gloves
B) performing medical experiments on animals
C) eating chicken, pork, or beef
D) testing cosmetics on animals
E) all of the above

Question 17

Which of the following groups is/are part of the animal liberation movement?

A) Animal Liberation Front (ALF)
B) Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA in the United States)
C) People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA)
D) Both B and C are correct
E) Both A and C are correct

Question 18

In which country was a "stolen generation" of Aboriginal children taken away from their families?

A) Canada
B) Chile
C) Australia
D) Finland
E) Indonesia

Question 19

The 1969 police raid on the Stonewall Inn in New York was an important event for

A) black liberation.
B) gay liberation.
C) feminism.
D) animal liberation.
E) deep ecology.

Question 20

Which of the following statements best expresses the views of black nationalists (or separatists)?

A) Black people must be fully integrated or assimilated into society.
B) All that black people need is the elimination of the legal obstacles to equality of opportunity.
C) What black people need most is to develop black identity, pride, and self-sufficiency.
D) Black people need to become the master race, enslaving those who have long oppressed them.
E) Black people need to bring a halt to globalization.

Question 21

Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. advocated civil disobedience because

A) he had no respect for laws that were written by whites.
B) he believed that we have a moral obligation to resist unjust laws.
C) it was a way to intimidate whites.
D) he thought it would facilitate a total separation between blacks and whites.
E) he was a black nationalist.

Question 22

"Black rage" refers to

A) the process of recovering from the psychological injury that whites have inflicted on blacks.
B) the reclaiming of black values, such as the affirmation that "black is beautiful."
C) the cries of injustice from integrationists because of discrimination.
D) the anger against whites that blacks vent on themselves and each other.
E) the black alternative to white supremacy.

Question 23

Which political movement was prompted by police brutality against African-Americans?

A) All Lives Matter
B) Black Lives Matter
C) Police Brutality Sucks
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

Question 24

Liberation ideologies want to liberate not only the oppressed but also their oppressors.

Question 25

Animal liberationists believe that animals have the same moral, civil, and legal rights as humans have.

Question 26

Liberation theology enjoys the official blessing and support of the Pope and the Catholic Church.

Question 27

American feminists, unlike those in other lands, have secured permanent and irreversible political and legal victories for women in reproductive rights and other areas.

Question 28

All feminists are opposed to marriage and motherhood.

Question 29

Liberation ideologies always reject the use of violence to accomplish their goals.

Question 30

Some government officials have apologized for their countries' treatment of native peoples.

Question 31

A man cannot be a feminist.

Question 32

Identity and self-definition are important considerations for liberation ideologies.

Question 33

A Vindication of the Rights of Women was written by John Stuart Mill, a main proponent of liberal feminism.

Question 34

Those who advocate liberation theology encourage Christians to remember that poverty is simply a state of mind that can be overcome by prayer.

Question 35

Radical feminism and socialist feminism are NOT the main variants of feminism in the twentieth century.

Question 36

Martin Luther King Jr. called for "Black Pride" and "Black Power" in his "I have a dream" speech.

Question 37

The women's liberation movement began in the 1960s in the United States.

Question 38

Liberation theology goes beyond the traditional Christian concern for saving souls for an afterlife.

Question 39

The main obstacle according to liberal feminists is the male system of oppression that infects not only the legal system, but the entire culture.

Question 40

The conservative Log Cabin Republicans are fierce opponents of gay liberation.

Question 41

All conservatives are opposed to same-sex marriage.

Question 42

Most American states have now recognized the legality of same-sex marriage.

Question 43

Psychiatrists continue to contend that same-sex attraction (homosexuality) is a mental illness.

Question 44

Younger Americans are more likely than their elders to favor same-sex marriage.

Question 45

Some nations in Africa and elsewhere have made being attracted to persons of the same sex a capital crime (i.e., one punishable by death).

Question 46

Animal liberationists seek to overcome the assertion by Jeremy Bentham that animals are incapable of suffering.

Question 47

Speciesism includes the belief that humans have rights and animals have none.

Question 48

All animal liberationists are liberals.

Question 49

Some animal liberationists believe that hunting is morally acceptable.

Question 50

English utilitarian philosopher whose views on sensation have inspired animal liberationists:

A) Jeremy Bentham
B) Nunavut
C)Frantz Fanon
D) Gustavo Gutierrez
E) Mary Wollstonecraft
F) animal liberation
G) Yukonia
H) Marilyn Frye
I) Petra Kelly
J) Dave Foreman
K) gay liberation
L) Peter Singer

Question 51

Members of this group complain about speciesism:

A) Jeremy Bentham
B) Nunavut
C)Frantz Fanon
D) Gustavo Gutierrez
E) Mary Wollstonecraft
F) animal liberation
G) Yukonia
H) Marilyn Frye
I) Petra Kelly
J) Dave Foreman
K) gay liberation
L) Peter Singer

Question 52

Members of this group work to overcome homophobia:

A) Jeremy Bentham
B) Nunavut
C)Frantz Fanon
D) Gustavo Gutierrez
E) Mary Wollstonecraft
F) animal liberation
G) Yukonia
H) Marilyn Frye
I) Petra Kelly
J) Dave Foreman
K) gay liberation
L) Peter Singer

Question 53

Eighteenth-century feminist who wrote Vindication of the Rights of Woman:

A) Jeremy Bentham
B) Nunavut
C)Frantz Fanon
D) Gustavo Gutierrez
E) Mary Wollstonecraft
F) animal liberation
G) Yukonia
H) Marilyn Frye
I) Petra Kelly
J) Dave Foreman
K) gay liberation
L) Peter Singer

Question 54

Algerian psychoanalyst and black liberationist who wrote Black Skin, White Masks:

A) Jeremy Bentham
B) Nunavut
C)Frantz Fanon
D) Gustavo Gutierrez
E) Mary Wollstonecraft
F) animal liberation
G) Yukonia
H) Marilyn Frye
I) Petra Kelly
J) Dave Foreman
K) gay liberation
L) Peter Singer

Question 55

Catholic priest and advocate of liberation theology:

A) Jeremy Bentham
B) Nunavut
C)Frantz Fanon
D) Gustavo Gutierrez
E) Mary Wollstonecraft
F) animal liberation
G) Yukonia
H) Marilyn Frye
I) Petra Kelly
J) Dave Foreman
K) gay liberation
L) Peter Singer

Question 56

Newly created Canadian territory governed by aboriginal people:

A) Jeremy Bentham
B) Nunavut
C)Frantz Fanon
D) Gustavo Gutierrez
E) Mary Wollstonecraft
F) animal liberation
G) Yukonia
H) Marilyn Frye
I) Petra Kelly
J) Dave Foreman
K) gay liberation
L) Peter Singer

Question 57

Australian philosopher and author of Animal Liberation:

A) Jeremy Bentham
B) Nunavut
C)Frantz Fanon
D) Gustavo Gutierrez
E) Mary Wollstonecraft
F) animal liberation
G) Yukonia
H) Marilyn Frye
I) Petra Kelly
J) Dave Foreman
K) gay liberation
L) Peter Singer

Question 58

Identify and explain the significance of the following terms.
-mind-forged manacles

Question 59

Identify and explain the significance of the following terms.
-black rage

Question 60

Identify and explain the significance of the following terms.
-orthopraxis

Question 61

Identify and explain the significance of the following terms.
-oppression

Question 62

Identify and explain the significance of the following terms.
-speciesism

Question 63

Identify and explain the significance of the following terms.
-consciousness raising

Question 64

Identify and explain the significance of the following terms.
-indigenism

Question 65

Identify and explain the significance of the following terms.
-black separatism (or nationalism)

Question 66

Identify and explain the significance of the following terms.
-#MeToo

Question 67

All of the liberation ideologies try to promote freedom for a particular group of people or, in one case, of nonhuman animals. Choose one of these liberation ideologies and use the triadic model of freedom to explain how it proposes to free its particular group.

Question 68

All of the liberation ideologies claim to be promoting, or at least to be consistent with, democracy. Why do they think this, and why might someone disagree with them? Use examples from at least two of the liberation ideologies to illustrate your answer.

Question 69

What bearing, if any, do the U.S. Constitution's "full faith and credit" clause (Article IV, section 1) and the "equal protection" clause (Fourteenth Amendment) have on the issue of gay or same-sex marriage?

Question 70

Why are liberation ideologies sometimes associated with "the politics of identity" or "the politics of difference"? Is the emergence of this kind of politics something to be welcomed or feared? Use examples from at least two of the liberation ideologies to illustrate your answer.

Question 71

What is the "E.T. argument," who uses it, and for what purpose(s)?

Question 72

What is "indigenism"? In particular, what is the indigenist conception of freedom?

Question 73

Who are the Incels and what do they believe?