Deck 15: Antemortem Skeletal Conditions

Question 1

Which of the following bones in the human skeleton can exhibit fractures associated with occupations?

A) Vertebrae
B) Radius
C) Calcaneous
D) All of the above

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of the following skeletal anomalies appears as though single bones are made up of multiple segment?

A) Miscellaneous anomalies
B) Accessory bones
C) Nonfusion anomalies
D) Accessory foramen

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which of the following skeletal anomalies involves extra bones within other bones?

A) Accessory bones
B) Nonfusion anomalies
C) Accessory foramen
D) Miscellaneous anomalies

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Into which of the following pathological conditions would the "dowager's hump" most likely be classified?

A) Lytic lesions
B) Proliferative lesions
C) Deformative lesions
D) All of the above

Question 5

A cancerous tumor on a bone would fall into which of the following pathological conditions?

A) Lytic lesions
B) Proliferative lesions
C) Deformative lesions
D) All of the above

Question 6

Which of the following pathological conditions involves the unnatural shape of bone?

A) Lytic lesions
B) Proliferative lesions
C) Deformative lesions
D) All of the above

Question 7

An abnormal bony spur would be which of the following pathological conditions?

A) Lytic lesions
B) Proliferative lesions
C) Deformative lesions
D) All of the above

Question 8

Which of the following pathological conditions involves abnormal bone loss?

A) Lytic lesions
B) Proliferative lesions
C) Deformative lesions
D) All of the above

Question 9

Which of the following antemortem skeletal conditions involves accessory ossicles, nonfusions, and accessory foramen?

A) Pathological conditions
B) Skeletal anomalies
C) Markers of occupational stress
D) All of the above

Question 10

Which of the following antemortem skeletal conditions involves modification to bone due to atypical body movements during life?

A) Pathological conditions
B) Skeletal anomalies
C) Markers of occupational stress
D) All of the above

Question 11

Which of the following antemortem skeletal conditions involves lytic, proliferative, and deformative lesions?

A) Pathological conditions
B) Skeletal anomalies
C) Markers of occupational stress
D) All of the above

Question 12

Which of the following skeletal anomalies involves extra openings in bones?

A) Accessory bones
B) Nonfusion anomalies
C) Accessory foramen
D) Miscellaneous anomalies

Question 13

Which of the following characteristics of an accessory bone distinguishes it from blunt force trauma?

A) Irregular outline
B) No fracture lines
C) Cortical bone on edges
D) All of the above

Question 14

Which of the following characteristics of nonfusion anomalies distinguishes them from blunt force trauma?

A) Appearance at ossification centers
B) No fracture lines
C) Cortical bone on edges
D) All of the above

Question 15

Which of the following bones in the human skeleton can exhibit discrete markers associated with occupations?

A) Vertebrae
B) Calvicle
C) Scapula
D) All of the above

Question 16

Which of the following occupations could result in grooves appearing in your teeth?

A) Diving
B) Milkman
C) Carpentry
D) Fruit picking

Question 17

Which of the following occupational stress markers involve exostoses, spinal angulation, facets, and grooves?

A) Lesions of insertion area
B) Osteophytosis
C) Descrete markers
D) Fractures

Question 18

Which of the following occupational stress markers involve bony spurs and ridging?

A) Lesions of insertion area
B) Osteophytosis
C) Descrete markers
D) Fractures

Question 19

Which of the following occupational stress markers involve lytic lesions and enlarged areas where muscle attaches to bone?

A) Lesions of insertion area
B) Osteophytosis
C) Descrete markers
D) Fractures

Question 20

Which of the following occupational stress markers could be mistaken for a pathological condition?

A) Osteophytosis
B) Hypertorphy
C) Deformations
D) All of the above

Question 21

Which of the bones have round, or near round, anomalous openings that could be mistaken for projectile trauma?

A) Sternum
B) Humerus
C) Scapula
D) All of the above

Question 22

The septal aperture, which appears like a projectile wound, occurs in what bone?

A) Humerus
B) Femur
C) Skull
D) Vertebrae

Question 23

Which of the following parts of the human skeleton can exhibit accessory foramen?

A) Face
B) Skull base
C) Appendicular skeleton
D) All of the above

Question 24

Which of the following segments of the human skeleton can exhibit nonfusion anomalies?

A) Axial skeleton
B) Thorax
C) Appendicular skeleton
D) All of the above

Question 25

Which of the following is a reason to study antemortem skeletal conditions?

A) They may be mistaken for perimortem trauma
B) They may be mistaken for postmortem damage
C) They may provide information on the life of the descedent
D) All of the above

Question 26

Stress fractures due to occupations can occur in the vertebrae, arms and hands.

Question 27

Accessory bones have lines that radiate from them similar to fracture lines due to blunt force trauma

Question 28

Various cranial ossicles might be mistaken for evidence of sharp force trauma if care is not taken during analysis.

Question 29

Skeletal anomalies include accessory ossicles, nonfusions, and extra foramen.

Question 30

Deformative lesions are likely to be mistaken for proliferative lesions.

Question 31

Proliferative lesions include osteophytes, osteomas, and generalized bone disease.

Question 32

Lytic lesions can be mistaken for perimortem trauma or postmortem damage because of the loss of bone in conditions such as anemia, necrosis, and abscesses.

Question 33

Lytic lesions have none of the characteristics of perimortem trauma.

Question 34

Necrosis involves loss of bone due to a birth defect.

Question 35

Of the three basic types of pathologies, lytic lesions are the least likely to be mistaken for trauma.

Question 36

Without careful analysis, pathological conditions might be mistaken for trauma.

Question 37

Nonfusion anomalies are similar to lytic lesions.

Question 38

Nonfusion anomalies often involve the continuance of an immature condition into adulthood.

Question 39

A common nonfusion anomaly of the sternum can be mistaken for a projectile wound.

Question 40

Stress fractures occur only due to age.

Question 41

Osteophytes in the thoracic vertebrae is one of many occupational stress markers.

Question 42

Grooves are occupational stress markers that are similar to facets.

Question 43

Facets occur where two bone surfaces contact each other near a joint.

Question 44

Occupations involving heavy use of limbs can result in enlarged areas of muscle insertion.

Question 45

Osteophytosis only occurs as proliferative pathological lesions that increase in frequency with age.

Question 46

Occupational stress markers include conditions similar to lytic lesions.

Question 47

A pseudarthrosis involves nonfusion of two segments of a bone.

Question 48

A trephination has all of the characteristics of a gunshot wound.

Question 49

Accessory foramina are similar to lytic lesions.

Question 50

The human body often has deviations from the norm that must be known to forensic anthropologists to avoid errors in skeletal analysis.