Question 1

Originally an English legal principle, influential in America that allowed for the punishment of criticism that reduced the prestige of government officials.&#10;A) Slander&#10;B) Seditious libel&#10;C) Franking&#10;D) Muckraking

Accepted Answer

Seditious libel was an English legal principle that made it a crime to criticize the government, particularly government officials. This principle was influential in America and was used to punish those who wrote or published criticism that diminished the prestige of government officials.

Question 2

Journalists and private citizens can request an accurate count of the number of private prisons contracts operating in the United States using the ___.&#10;A) Communications Act of 1934&#10;B) Hayes Act&#10;C) Freedom of Information Act&#10;D) Title IX provisions

Accepted Answer

The Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) allows journalists and private citizens to request information from federal agencies, including the Bureau of Prisons, about the number of private prison contracts operating in the United States. This information should be made available to the public unless it falls under specific exemptions outlined in the act.

Question 3

Was the partisan press of the early U.S. republic an objective, unbiased analyzer of the relevant news of the day?

Accepted Answer

The partisan press of the early U.S. republic was not objective or unbiased. Newspapers were often aligned with political parties and used their platforms to promote their party's agenda and attack their opponents. They often presented news in a biased manner and were more concerned with advancing their party's interests than providing objective reporting.

Question 4

What was the relationship between the partisan and the penny presses?&#10;A) There was no relationship: they existed in different time periods.&#10;B) There was a relationship in that they were the same thing.&#10;C) There was a relationship in that the penny press grew up alongside and eventually mixed with the partisan press.&#10;D) None of the above

Accepted Answer

The penny press and partisan press coexisted during the same time period in the early 19th century. While they differed in their political leanings and style of reporting, they both played a role in shaping the media landscape during that time. Eventually, the penny press evolved and incorporated some aspects of the partisan press, leading to the development of modern American journalism.

Question 5

Which of the following was a distinctive aspect of political media during the Progressive era of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries?&#10;A) Muckraker journalism&#10;B) The partisan presses&#10;C) Objective journalism and the quest for professionalism&#10;D) None of the above

Accepted Answer

Muckraker journalism was a distinctive aspect of the Progressive era, characterized by investigative reporting that aimed to expose social ills and corporate and political corruption.

Question 6

Why did the inverted pyramid model for news story organization become the rule of the day for journalism?&#10;A) It did not become the rule of the day for journalism.&#10;B) It was a part of the quest for journalistic professionalism during the first third of the twentieth century.&#10;C) It was a part of the quest for journalistic professionalism associated with the last third of the twentieth century.&#10;D) There is no such thing as an inverted pyramid model for news story organization.

Accepted Answer

The inverted pyramid model for news story organization became the rule of the day for journalism during the first third of the twentieth century as part of the quest for journalistic professionalism. This model prioritizes the most important information at the top of the article and then moves on to supporting details.

Question 7

Which was the first major technological development in the rise of the electronic media?&#10;A) The Internet&#10;B) TV&#10;C) Radio&#10;D) Palm pilots

Accepted Answer

Radio was the first major technological development in the rise of electronic media, with the first commercial broadcast station, KDKA, airing in 1920. TV and the Internet came later, and palm pilots were a personal electronic device rather than a major technological development in the media industry.

Question 8

Do most Americans pay close attention to the political information presented by newspapers, the evening news, and the Sunday morning talk shows?

Accepted Answer

According to surveys and studies, a significant portion of Americans do not regularly consume news from traditional sources such as newspapers, evening news, and Sunday morning talk shows. Many rely on social media and other online sources for their political information.

Question 9

Talk radio is dominated by which ideological persuasion?&#10;A) Populists&#10;B) Libertarians&#10;C) Liberals&#10;D) Conservatives

Accepted Answer

Talk radio in the United States is generally dominated by conservative hosts and viewpoints. According to a 2018 Pew Research Center study, 76% of conservative talk radio hosts were categorized as “mostly conservative,” while only 10% were categorized as “mostly liberal.” This stands in contrast to the broader radio industry, where a more diverse array of viewpoints is represented.

Question 10

Generally speaking, has American newspaper readership been increasing or decreasing in recent years?&#10;A) Increasing&#10;B) Decreasing&#10;C) It has stayed about the same&#10;D) We do not know

Accepted Answer

American newspaper readership has been decreasing in recent years, with print newspaper readership declining and digital readership growing slowly but not enough to make up for the loss in print readership.

Question 11

From the Let's Compare section, what system of radio/television media ownership and control is used by most countries?&#10;A) Most have state-owned and privately controlled radio/television media.&#10;B) Most have state-owned and state controlled radio/television media.&#10;C) Most have privately owned radio/television media that is heavily regulated by the state.&#10;D) Most have privately owned radio/television media with little state regulation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of From the Let's Compare section, what system...

Question 12

From the Pro and Con section, does the media have a liberal bias?&#10;A) According to some it does but not to others, who claim it has a conservative bias.&#10;B) According to some it does but not to others, who claim it exhibits a profit bias.&#10;C) According to some it does but not to others, who claim it is organized in such a way as to be very cautious and predictable in how it gathers and disseminates the news, thus muting any actual ideological bias.&#10;D) All of the above

Accepted Answer

The answer of From the Pro and Con section, does...

Question 13

What is meant by an &#34;educational effect&#34; of the media?&#10;A) The media educates the public about issues in politics.&#10;B) The media educates children about issues in politics.&#10;C) The media educates foreigners about American political issues.&#10;D) The media provides no useful tool for education whatsoever.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is meant by an &#34;educational effect&#34;...

Question 14

Are the agenda-setting effect and the framing effect the same thing?&#10;A) Yes&#10;B) No, agenda-setting is broader in its effect on the public than framing, which tends to be more issue specific&#10;C) No, framing is broader in its effect on the public than agenda-setting, which tends to be more issue specific&#10;D) None of the above

Accepted Answer

The answer of Are the agenda-setting effect and the framing...

Question 15

What did the Freedom of Information Act of 1966 establish?&#10;A) It prohibits any government agency, public official, or private corporation (with more than 100 employees) from restricting access to information of public importance&#10;B) It requires the government to provide citizens with most kinds of information in its possession&#10;C) It requires news agencies to give up their sources to the government in cases dealing with national security&#10;D) It eliminates &#34;prior restraint&#34; rules entirely from state-media relations

Accepted Answer

The answer of What did the Freedom of Information Act...

Question 16

What did the Communication Act of 1934 establish?&#10;A) It established the Federal Communications Commission&#10;B) It established the Radio Broadcasters Commission&#10;C) It established the Brownlow Commission&#10;D) It established the National Broadcasting Corporation

Accepted Answer

The answer of What did the Communication Act of 1934...

Question 17

What was the first all-news cable television channel?&#10;A) Fox News&#10;B) MSNBC&#10;C) CNN&#10;D) CBS

Accepted Answer

The answer of What was the first all-news cable television...

Question 18

What did the law of &#34;seditious libel&#34; prohibit and why?&#10;A) It prohibited criticism of the press by the government because of the &#34;freedom of the press&#34; clause in the 1st Amendment&#10;B) It prohibited criticism of the public by the press on the grounds that in a system of popular sovereignty, the doctrine of sovereign immunity required public protection from criticism&#10;C) In order to uphold the authority of government, it prohibited criticism of government officials and policy if such criticism was thought to reduce the prestige and influence of government&#10;D) In order to protect their privacy, it prohibited criticism of celebrities

Accepted Answer

The answer of What did the law of &#34;seditious libel&#34;...

Question 19

What was the muckraker tradition?&#10;A) Conservative journalism in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries that was blatantly anti-labor&#10;B) Liberal journalism in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries that was openly anti-business&#10;C) Progressive journalism of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries that was dedicated to uncovering political and corporate corruption&#10;D) Socialistic journalism of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries that was dedicated to uncovering the exploitation of the proletariat by the bourgeoisie

Accepted Answer

The answer of What was the muckraker tradition?&#10;A) Conservative journalism...

Question 20

Which of these statements most accurately defines episodic framing?&#10;A) Presenting an issue in a manner that emphasizes individual events in isolation instead of how they relate and connect to other issues and broader forces&#10;B) The manner in which media coverage of an issue can affect the public's interest in that issue&#10;C) The attempt by the media to blame powerful groups or individuals for the problems faced by the poor or vulnerable&#10;D) None of the above

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of these statements most accurately defines...

Question 21

What is denoted by the phrase &#34;partisan press&#34;?&#10;A) The type of professionalized news industry that Adolph Ochs sought to create in the years between World War I and World War II&#10;B) The partisan and/or ideological bias seen throughout the mainstream media&#10;C) The partisan and/or ideological bias of particular news outlets, such as Fox News (conservative/Republican) and MSNBC (liberal/Democrat)&#10;D) None of the above

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is denoted by the phrase &#34;partisan...

Question 22

What is the FCC?&#10;A) The Federal Credit Commission, which is a federal agency charged with protecting the good credit of the United States as both a lender and borrower&#10;B) The Federal Committee on Consumer protection, which is a federal agency that handles all types of consumer safety and protection issues, including those pertaining to media broadcasting&#10;C) The Federal Communications Commission, which is a federal agency charged with regulating the media in the public interest&#10;D) None of the above

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the FCC?&#10;A) The Federal Credit...

Question 23

Who competed with William Randolph Hearst for the distinction of being the preeminent newspaper man during the muckraking era of journalism?&#10;A) Joseph Pulitzer&#10;B) Walter Cronkite&#10;C) Edward R. Murrow&#10;D) All of the above

Accepted Answer

The answer of Who competed with William Randolph Hearst for...

Question 24

Who was most identified with the movement toward professionalization within the news media, and with what news organization was he associated?&#10;A) Joseph Pulitzer and the New York Gazette&#10;B) William Randolph Hearst and the New York World&#10;C) Adolph Ochs and the New York Times&#10;D) Bob Woodruff and the Washington Post

Accepted Answer

The answer of Who was most identified with the movement...

Question 25

How does the inverted pyramid help to convey news in a &#34;professional objective manner?&#34;&#10;A) It doesn't; it is a device for sensationalistic reporting.&#10;B) It doesn't; it has nothing to do with journalistic writing.&#10;C) It places the most important facts at the beginning of the article and presents the supporting evidence later in the article.&#10;D) It places the least important facts up front in the lead paragraph and builds upon them with more important evidence as the story develops.

Accepted Answer

The answer of How does the inverted pyramid help to...

Question 26

Did the three major networks start out as television stations or as something else?&#10;A) They have always been associated with TV.&#10;B) They all started as newspaper companies.&#10;C) They all began as radio broadcast companies.&#10;D) They all began as Internet providers.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Did the three major networks start out...

Question 27

Which of these statements is an accurate depiction of the relative emphasis placed by the media on different levels or branches of government?&#10;A) The national government is emphasized more than lower levels of government and other countries' governments.&#10;B) The state and local governments are emphasized at the expense of in-depth coverage relating to the national government.&#10;C) Congress is covered more extensively than the presidency or the Supreme Court.&#10;D) The first and last of the above the options.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of these statements is an accurate...

Question 28

Does the media focus on public policy issues in its coverage of elections, candidates and campaigns?&#10;A) Yes, of course it does; that is part of objective journalism.&#10;B) No, the media emphasizes the &#34;horse-race&#34; and candidates' character.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Does the media focus on public policy...

Question 29

What is the impact of the media's excessive attention on the presidency?&#10;A) It creates a great opportunity for the President to propagandize his program across the country.&#10;B) It creates a great constraint in that more and more attention is paid to presidential losses as time goes by.&#10;C) Both of the above&#10;D) None of the above

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the impact of the media's...

Question 30

What is the impact of the media's attention on the Congress?&#10;A) It tends to support the notion that the Congress is a failed institution.&#10;B) It tends to support the notion that the Congress is a policymaking, effective institution.&#10;C) It tends to have a neutral impact on popular opinion regarding the Congress.&#10;D) All of the above

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the impact of the media's...

Question 31

Is infotainment seen as a bad thing by media analysts?&#10;A) No, because it is still based on hard over soft news&#10;B) Yes, because it is based on soft over hard news

Accepted Answer

The answer of Is infotainment seen as a bad thing...

Question 32

What are two reasons given for why Americans distrust politics?&#10;A) Positive portrayals of politicians juxtaposed against simplistic coverage of complex issues&#10;B) Negative portrayals of politicians juxtaposed against complex presentation of issues&#10;C) Negative portrayals of politicians with simplistic coverage of complex issues&#10;D) Positive portrayals of politicians that nobody believes and complex coverage of the issues that nobody cares about

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are two reasons given for why...

Question 33

Is media ownership today conglomerated or diffused?&#10;A) diffused&#10;B) conglomerated

Accepted Answer

The answer of Is media ownership today conglomerated or diffused?&#10;A)...

Question 34

The new media, such as the Internet and the web, are powerfully ___.&#10;A) authoritarian&#10;B) closed-minded&#10;C) selective&#10;D) democratic

Accepted Answer

The answer of The new media, such as the Internet...

Question 35

Which one of the following is not true regarding modern political campaigns?&#10;A) A successful attack on an opponent's character could end his or her campaign.&#10;B) No negative attack should go unanswered.&#10;C) It is easy for campaign winners to reach out to the losers when the campaign is over.&#10;D) The candidate must hit back quickly and hard when attacked.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which one of the following is not...

Question 36

Among a number of similar organizations, Wikileaks has engaged in which one of the following controversial activities?&#10;A) Implemented public domain software to provide questionable information content to compete with Wikipedia&#10;B) Publicly dumped data of secret diplomatic cables to reveal actions taken by State Department officials&#10;C) Dumped chemicals into streams near leaking industrial plants to accuse them of illegal pollution practices&#10;D) Engaged in illegal predatory lending practices, including concealing the costs of financial transactions from federal auditors

Accepted Answer

The answer of Among a number of similar organizations, Wikileaks...

Question 37

Incorporating _______into your evaluation of news reports can protect yourself from &#34;Fake News.&#34;&#10;A) a careful reading of history&#10;B) solid political news&#10;C) Both of the above&#10;D) None of the above, since nothing can protect yourself from &#34;Fake News.&#34;

Accepted Answer

The answer of Incorporating _______into your evaluation of news reports...

Question 38

Since the beginning of the country, there has been a struggle among the _______over the content of the news.&#10;A) press&#10;B) governments&#10;C) public&#10;D) All of the above

Accepted Answer

The answer of Since the beginning of the country, there...

Question 39

The outcome of the struggle between the press and the government produces ___.&#10;A) news, entertainment, and misinformation&#10;B) life, liberty, and property&#10;C) truth, beauty, and justice&#10;D) virtue, courage, and harmony

Accepted Answer

The answer of The outcome of the struggle between the...

Question 40

In their support of a free press and open government, the public wants ___.&#10;A) to receive news, entertainment, and misinformation&#10;B) to be informed, affirmed, and entertained&#10;C) Both of the above&#10;D) None of the above

Accepted Answer

The answer of In their support of a free press...

Question 41

A recent analysis reported that the New York Times, Wall Street Journal, Washington Post, and Chicago Tribune all quoted men _______as often as women.&#10;A) twice&#10;B) thrice&#10;C) four times&#10;D) five times

Accepted Answer

The answer of A recent analysis reported that the New...

Question 42

In 2018, AT&T bid to buy Time Warner for $85 billion in order to secure the content represented by Time Warner's CNN, HBO, and Warner Brothers film studio properties. This is an example of media ___.&#10;A) separation&#10;B) diffusion&#10;C) consolidation&#10;D) concentration

Accepted Answer

The answer of In 2018, AT&T bid to buy Time...

Question 43

&#34;Fake news&#34; usually refers to ___.&#10;A) any report that conflicts with corporate interests&#10;B) news reports that are partially or wholly made-up&#10;C) any report that the president does not like&#10;D) news reports from journalists who have failed a polygraph test

Accepted Answer

The answer of &#34;Fake news&#34; usually refers to ___.&#10;A) any...

Question 44

For Donald Trump, &#34;fake news&#34; refers to ___.&#10;A) any report that conflicts with corporate interests&#10;B) news reports that are partially or wholly made up&#10;C) any report that he does not like&#10;D) news reports from journalists who have failed a polygraph test

Accepted Answer

The answer of For Donald Trump, &#34;fake news&#34; refers to...

Question 45

A survey conducted by the Pew Research Center found that almost _______percent of adults were very or somewhat confident that they could recognize false news when they came across it.&#10;A) 65&#10;B) 75&#10;C) 85&#10;D) 95

Accepted Answer

The answer of A survey conducted by the Pew Research...

Question 46

Which one of the following is an example of &#34;fake news&#34;?&#10;A) A news report that is aggressively framed to tell only part of the story&#10;B) A news report that is verifiably and intentionally untrue&#10;C) A news report that inadvertently contains mistakes&#10;D) All of the above are examples of &#34;fake news&#34;

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which one of the following is an...

Question 47

A news report from a recognized and respected source, on a topic being broadly reported, that arouses a desire to know more, is likely ___.&#10;A) fake news&#10;B) fabricated news&#10;C) TRUE&#10;D) FALSE

Accepted Answer

The answer of A news report from a recognized and...

Question 48

Which one of the following approaches to improving understanding of politics is not the pathway to becoming well-informed?&#10;A) Taking news from multiple credible sources&#10;B) Passively following Facebook, Twitter, or I-phone news&#10;C) Reading a major newspaper, on paper or online&#10;D) All of the above

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which one of the following approaches to...

Question 49

Since the early 2000s, ____.&#10;A) the number of journalists working for newspapers has been cut in half, while one in five U.S. papers have closed&#10;B) the number of journalists working for newspapers has doubled while one in five U.S. papers have closed&#10;C) the number of journalists working for newspapers has been cut in half, while no U.S. papers have closed&#10;D) the number of journalists working for newspapers has doubled, while no U.S. papers have closed

Accepted Answer

The answer of Since the early 2000s, ____.&#10;A) the number...

Question 50

The cost of a thirty-second advertising spot in front of 100 million viewers during televised Super Bowl games costs ___.&#10;A) $56 thousand&#10;B) $560 thousand&#10;C) $5.6 million&#10;D) $56 million

Accepted Answer

The answer of The cost of a thirty-second advertising spot...

Question 51

Which of the following characteristics are distinctive of stories produced by objective journalism?&#10;A) Objective journalism provides an even-handed, balanced, presentation of the facts of the events or issues in the story.&#10;B) If aspects of the story are in dispute, objective journalism presents the range of credible takes on the events and issues in the story.&#10;C) The tone of objective journalism's news stories are balanced and informative and leave the reader, even if desiring more information, stable and calm.&#10;D) All of the above

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following characteristics are distinctive...

Question 52

Editorials are best defined as a form of ___.&#10;A) opinion&#10;B) news analysis&#10;C) investigative journalism&#10;D) None of the above

Accepted Answer

The answer of Editorials are best defined as a form...

Question 53

During his administration, President Trump ___.&#10;A) referred to some members of the press as &#34;enemies of the people&#34;&#10;B) was not interested in winning over or gaining the cooperation of members of the press&#10;C) sought to suspend or deny press credentials to journalists that he considered unfriendly&#10;D) All of the above

Accepted Answer

The answer of During his administration, President Trump ___.&#10;A) referred...

Question 54

The press wants to print what it believes will ___, while government wants to get its message out ___.&#10;A) without it being questioned&#10;B) undermine the government&#10;C) the press revealing secrets&#10;D) sell papers

Accepted Answer

The answer of The press wants to print what it...

Question 55

Although women comprise 51 percent of the population and people of color comprise 36 percent, women own just _______percent of television licenses and minorities own just _______percent of television licenses.&#10;A) 3&#10;B) 5&#10;C) 7&#10;D) 9

Accepted Answer

The answer of Although women comprise 51 percent of the...

Question 56

A conducted at MIT, found, at least on Twitter, that lies travelled _______than truth and reached ___.&#10;A) more people&#10;B) six times slower&#10;C) less people&#10;D) six times faster

Accepted Answer

The answer of A conducted at MIT, found, at least...

Question 57

Traditionally, advocates of freedom of speech, press, and expression, have argued that _______information drives out ___.&#10;A) bad&#10;B) good&#10;C) political&#10;D) economic

Accepted Answer

The answer of Traditionally, advocates of freedom of speech, press,...

Question 58

Political scientists Travis N. Ridout and Erika Franklin Fowler sought to clarify &#34;fake news&#34; distinctions by labelling &#34;false news&#34; or &#34;fabricated news&#34; as _______and &#34;politicized news&#34; where the goal is ___.&#10;A) a news report that is aggressively framed to tell only part of the story&#10;B) verifiably false&#10;C) to discredit news that one does not like&#10;D) a news report that inadvertently contains mistakes

Accepted Answer

The answer of Political scientists Travis N. Ridout and Erika...

Question 59

Social media platforms such as _______and _______raise questions on how to guarantee free speech on the Internet.&#10;A) Microsoft Teams&#10;B) Facebook&#10;C) Google Meets&#10;D) Twitter

Accepted Answer

The answer of Social media platforms such as _______and _______raise...

Question 60

Various kinds of commentary and opinion &#34;___&#34;, whereas objective journalism ___.&#10;A) are not found in newspapers or websites&#10;B) leaves the reader stable and calm&#10;C) are not found on the radio or television&#10;D) intentionally whip up the readers emotions

Accepted Answer

The answer of Various kinds of commentary and opinion &#34;___&#34;,...

Question 61

News analysis ___, while straight news ___.&#34;&#10;A) presents an opinion on a story in the news&#10;B) presents an even-handed, balanced, presentation of the facts of the events or issues in a news story&#10;C) is intended to put the events and issues in a news story in context&#10;D) present subjective viewpoints on how to judge a news story

Accepted Answer

The answer of News analysis ___, while straight news ___.&#34;&#10;A)...

Question 62

Presentations in the evening news broadcast on any of the major networks are thoroughly _______and ___.&#10;A) president-centered&#10;B) voter-centered&#10;C) party-centered&#10;D) nation-centered

Accepted Answer

The answer of Presentations in the evening news broadcast on...

Question 63

National newspapers in the United States are all partisan presses.

Accepted Answer

The answer of National newspapers in the United States are...

Question 64

American media outlets are owned by a few corporations.

Accepted Answer

The answer of American media outlets are owned by a...

Deck 5: The Mass Media and the Political Agenda