Deck 8: Learning to Read and Spell

Question 1

Speakers of Chinese use a writing system where there is no correspondence between written symbols and individual sounds; their writing system is said to be:

A)Alphabetic
B)Regular
C)Irregular
D)Non-alphabetic
E)Consonantal

Answer 1

D

Question 2

In several experimental studies, using a clue word increased the amount of reading by analogy in all age groups; this suggest that the children´s reading strategies are:

A)Age-dependent
B)Task-dependent
C)Audiologically-dependent
D)Task-independent
E)Environmentally-dependent

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Knowledge about our language processes of which we are aware, that we can report, and of which we can make deliberate use, is called:

A)Epilinguistic
B)Cognitlingustic
C)Pseudolinguistic
D)Retrolinguistic
E)Metalinguistic

Answer 3

E

Question 4

Studies have shown that discovering letters that correspond systematically to sounds is the key to learning to read. This is known as the:

A)Partial alphabetic principle
B)Consonant principle
C)Whole word principle
D)Alphabetic principle
E)Zymology principle

Question 5

During which stage of reading might the word "yellow" be remembered because it "has two tall bits together in the middle"?

A)Partial alphabetic phase
B)Full alphabetic phase
C)Pre-alphabetic phase
D)Post-alphabetic phase
E)Concrete alphabetic phase

Question 6

Which type of modeling has shown that two distinct types of damage can lead to a continuum of impairment between developmental surface and phonological dyslexia extremes?

A)Morphological
B)Egocentrism
C)Imperialist
D)Connectionist
E)Individualist

Question 7

Phonological awareness tasks have been applied systematically to all levels of the syllable, from small units known as ______________, through intermediate-size units known as_____________, to large units called _____________.

A)Syllables; phonemes; onsets and rimes
B)Phonemes; onsets and rimes; syllables
C)Onsets and rimes; syllables; phonemes
D)Phonemes; syllables; onsets and rimes
E)Syllables; onsets and rimes; phonemes

Question 8

During which of the following phases are complete connections made between letters and sounds, and children can read words they have never seen before?

A)Full alphabetic
B)Concrete alphabetic
C)Post-alphabetic
D)Pre-alphabetic
E)Partial alphabetic

Question 9

A method of combining the results of two or more experiments is called:

A)Meta-analysis
B)Just-cause analysis
C)Complete analysis
D)Partial analysis
E)Observational analysis

Question 10

The underlying ability to determine that two words have a sound in common is called:

A)Implicit ability
B)Onset awareness
C)Task-dependent awareness
D)Phoneme constancy
E)Rime awareness

Question 11

In which of the following models is there a spelling-to-sound, assembled, or non-lexical route, which can only work for regular words, and a direct, addressed, or lexical route, which will work for all words?

A)Ostensive model
B)Computational model
C)Dual-route model
D)Centered model
E)Prototype model

Question 12

Patients with dyslexia who grow up such that the normal acquisition of reading is impaired have which type of dyslexia?

A)Concurrent
B)Ascending
C)Developmental
D)Acquired
E)Inherent

Question 13

In an experiment by Bradley and Bryant a group of children, who were previously shown to be poor at a rhyme judgment task, were given individual weekly training for 2 years on categorizing words by the similarity of their sounds. After 4 years:

A)There still was no difference between the groups
B)The control groups were much better at reading and spelling than the experimental group
C)The experimental group who had received training were much better at reading and spelling than the control groups
D)The experimental group who had received training were much better at reading, but not at spelling
E)The experimental group who had received training were much better at spelling, but not at reading

Question 14

"Trevor" (age 6) spelled "eat" as "et," with two letters because it only has two sounds. This is an example of:

A)Over-application of the alphabetic principle
B)Under-application of the alphabetic principle
C)Under-extension of the alphabetic principle
D)A segmentation error
E)Taxonomic constraint

Question 15

The age at which children start to learn to read seems to be relatively unimportant; indeed, there are no serious or permanent side-effects even when it is delayed until age:

A)7
B)13
C)15
D)18
E)21

Question 16

The idea that different languages make use of different sized preferred reading units is called the:

A)Metalinguistic encoding detail hypothesis
B)Size of attribution model
C)Habituation process model
D)Developmental encoding grain theory
E)Psycholinguistic grain size theory

Question 17

What type of phonics instruction involves teaching reading out loud and blending constituent sounds, and emphasizes that children be taught letters and letter sounds before anything else?

A)Look-and-say
B)Synthetic
C)Speak-and-spell
D)Analytic
E)Immersion

Question 18

Who argued that young children read words by analogy, before they are able to use phonological recoding?

A)Impey
B)Ehri
C)Bryant
D)Frith
E)Goswami

Question 19

What type of dyslexia involves damage to reading systems that were known to be functionally normal before brain trauma?

A)Progressive
B)Inherent
C)Acquired
D)Concurrent
E)Developmental

Question 20

During which of the following phases does the child read like the adult, and letter patterns that recur across words become familiar so that the child can operate with multi-letter units such as syllables, rimes, and morphemes?

A)Full alphabetic
B)Pre-alphabetic
C)Partial alphabetic
D)Consolidated alphabetic
E)Plausible alphabetic