Question 1

People take longer to read the first sentence after a shift of topic. This is called the:&#10;A)Vastness effect&#10;B)Lexical effect&#10;C)Semantic effect&#10;D)Boundary effect&#10;E)Search effect

Accepted Answer

The Boundary effect is the phenomenon in which people take longer to read the first sentence after a shift of topic. It occurs because the shift in topic requires the reader to update their mental context and this takes time. The other options (Vastness effect, Lexical effect, Semantic effect, and Search effect) are not related to this phenomenon.

Question 2

Consider the sentence: &#34;It was the bird that ate the fruit.&#34; The antecedent is:&#10;A)The fruit&#10;B)Ate&#10;C)The bird&#10;D)It&#10;E)That

Accepted Answer

The antecedent is the noun that the pronoun is referring to. In this sentence, the pronoun "it" is referring to "the bird."

Question 3

Which of the following represents our knowledge of routine actions and familiar repeated sequences?&#10;A)Inferences&#10;B)References&#10;C)Codes&#10;D)Scripts&#10;E)Gates

Accepted Answer

Scripts represent our knowledge of routine actions and familiar repeated sequences.

Question 4

When we go beyond the literal meaning of the text we are making:&#10;A)A disassociation&#10;B)An inference&#10;C)An association&#10;D)A reference&#10;E)An integration

Accepted Answer

When we go beyond the literal meaning of the text, we are making inferences, which means drawing conclusions based on evidence and reasoning.

Question 5

First, consider the word &#34;house,&#34; then consider the words &#34;building, rooms, bricks, stone, and wood.&#34; They are all possible:&#10;A)Scripts for the word &#34;house&#34;&#10;B)Schemas for the word &#34;house&#34;&#10;C)Inferences for the word &#34;building&#34;&#10;D)Schemas for the word &#34;people&#34;&#10;E)Scripts for the word &#34;living&#34;

Accepted Answer

Schemas are mental frameworks or blueprints that we use to organize and understand our experiences. The words "building, rooms, bricks, stone, and wood" are all part of the schema for the word "house," as they are all common components or features associated with houses. Scripts, on the other hand, are more specific and detailed sequences of events associated with a particular activity or situation, such as a "dinner party" script or a "job interview" script. Inferences are logical deductions or conclusions drawn from evidence or information, and living is a broad concept that could have multiple scripts associated with it. "People" is also a broad term that could have multiple schemas associated with it, depending on the context.

Question 6

Carrying out backward inferences to maintain a coherent representation of the text is called:&#10;A)Circular resolution&#10;B)Bounded resolution&#10;C)Autonomy resolution&#10;D)Dependent resolution&#10;E)Anaphor resolution

Accepted Answer

Anaphor resolution involves using backward inferences to maintain a coherent representation of the text by identifying and resolving anaphoric references. Anaphoric references are words or phrases that refer back to previously mentioned concepts or entities. Therefore, the best option among the given choices is E.

Question 7

The more facts there are associated with a concept, the slower the retrieval of any one of those facts. This is known as the:&#10;A)Stroop&#10;B)Serial position&#10;C)Fixative&#10;D)Magnetism&#10;E)Fan effect

Accepted Answer

The fan effect refers to the phenomenon where the more information (or "fan") there is associated with a concept, the longer it takes to retrieve any one piece of information related to that concept. This is because having more associated information essentially creates more "paths" in the brain to sort through in order to find the correct piece of information.

Question 8

The type of grammar that emphasizes the roles played by what the words refer to in a sentence, and the relation between verbs and the words associated with them, is called:&#10;A)Argot grammar&#10;B)Kinship grammar&#10;C)Transformational grammar&#10;D)Case grammar&#10;E)Phrase structure grammar

Accepted Answer

The type of grammar that emphasizes the roles played by what the words refer to in a sentence, and the relation between verbs and the words associated with them, is called Case grammar.

Question 9

Which type of coherence refers to consistency in where the events occur?&#10;A)Referential&#10;B)Causal&#10;C)Spiritual&#10;D)Temporal&#10;E)Locational

Accepted Answer

Locational coherence refers to the consistency in where the events occur, ensuring that the setting or location remains consistent throughout the narrative or explanation.

Question 10

There is a &#34;contract&#34; between the writer and the reader, or participants in a conversation, to present new information so that it can easily be assimilated with what people already know. This is called the:&#10;A)Just-cause contract&#10;B)Back-door contract&#10;C)Elimination contract&#10;D)Grammar contract&#10;E)Given-new contract

Accepted Answer

The given-new contract refers to the agreement between the writer or speaker and the audience to present new information in a way that can be easily understood and connected to the information that the audience already possesses. This is a fundamental principle of effective communication, as it ensures that the audience is able to follow the speaker or writer's train of thought and understand the intended message. Choices A through D are not relevant to the concept of presenting new information in a coherent and accessible way.

Question 11

The amount of information an anaphor contains is called its:&#10;A)Bounded weight&#10;B)Unbounded load&#10;C)Informational load&#10;D)Metaphoric expulsion&#10;E)Literacy weight

Accepted Answer

The answer of The amount of information an anaphor contains...

Question 12

Consider the story: &#34;Vlad drove to Memphis yesterday. The car kept overheating.&#34; Which of the following inferences do we make to maintain coherence?&#10;A)Memphis was a far drive from where Vlad started&#10;B)The car must be the one that Vlad drove to Memphis&#10;C)Vlad is an excellent driver&#10;D)The car just started overheating yesterday&#10;E)Vlad was alone

Accepted Answer

The answer of Consider the story: &#34;Vlad drove to Memphis...

Question 13

Words and phrases such as &#34;later&#34; or &#34;two days later&#34; tell the reader that there is a temporal discontinuity and a potential shift of topic. These words are called:&#10;A)Construction indicators&#10;B)Segmentation markers&#10;C)Proportion symbols&#10;D)Coherence signs&#10;E)Common-store markers

Accepted Answer

The answer of Words and phrases such as &#34;later&#34; or...

Question 14

Spoken interchanges where the topic may change as it unfolds are called:&#10;A)Discourse&#10;B)A story&#10;C)Reference&#10;D)Conversation&#10;E)Deliberation

Accepted Answer

The answer of Spoken interchanges where the topic may change...

Question 15

In which phase of processing in the construction-integration model are word meanings activated, propositions formed, and inferences made?&#10;A)Bridging phase&#10;B)Receptive phase&#10;C)Elaborative phase&#10;D)Referential phase&#10;E)Construction phase

Accepted Answer

The answer of In which phase of processing in the...

Question 16

What type of aphasia causes people to have difficulty in understanding the meaning of words, which impairs their ability to follow coherent text and conversation?&#10;A)Anomia&#10;B)Receptive aphasia&#10;C)Congenital aphasia&#10;D)Cortical aphasia&#10;E)Grammatical aphasia

Accepted Answer

The answer of What type of aphasia causes people to...

Question 17

An important part of comprehension involves working out what things refer to; this is called:&#10;A)Discourse&#10;B)Antecedent&#10;C)Fixation&#10;D)Anaphor&#10;E)Reference

Accepted Answer

The answer of An important part of comprehension involves working...

Question 18

Comprehenders must work out what anaphors refer to - what their antecedents are. This process is called:&#10;A)Construction&#10;B)Vacillation&#10;C)Resolution&#10;D)Reference&#10;E)Deliberation

Accepted Answer

The answer of Comprehenders must work out what anaphors refer...

Question 19

The spoken equivalent of text is known as:&#10;A)A story&#10;B)Conversation&#10;C)Reflection&#10;D)Discourse&#10;E)Thought

Accepted Answer

The answer of The spoken equivalent of text is known...

Question 20

Which type of coherence refers to consistency in when events occur?&#10;A)Referential&#10;B)Causal&#10;C)Temporal&#10;D)Spiritual&#10;E)Locational

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which type of coherence refers to consistency...

Deck 12: Comprehension