Deck 8: Motivation and Productivity at Work

Question 1

The forces within or outside of a person that are adjusted by self-regulation to initiate, direct, and sustain actions toward a goal are called _______________.

A) leadership behaviors
B) motivation
C) organizational politics
D) power

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Jamal is examining how what he puts into his fraternity compares to the benefits he receives from being a member as well as how this compares to his friend's Eddie and Malcolm's inputs and outputs. What motivational theory is Jamal using in this instance?

A) equity theory
B) goal setting theory
C) need hierarchy theory
D) self-determination theory

Answer 2

A

Question 3

What theory of motivation asserts that people are motivated by having a sense of control over their actions and are inherently proactive and wanting to seek out growth opportunities that require sustained effort?

A) equity theory
B) goal setting theory
C) need hierarchy theory
D) self-determination theory

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Luis expects that no matter how hard he tries, that his research methods final will be too difficult for him to pass. His friend Louisa warns him that his thinking could create _______________.

A) goal-setting
B) learned industriousness
C) a self-fulfilling prophecy
D) social loafing

Question 5

What is one recommendation for avoiding procrastination?

A) accept only extrinsic motivation to guide your academic and work life
B) gathering all necessary information and supplies before starting on a project
C) seeking out information about yourself and your performance
D) waiting for the feelings of a productive mood to spur one into action

Question 6

Tonya is a manager who believes is offering social recognition to her subordinates and encourages customers to provide direct feedback to her employees about the quality of their service and work. Tonya is focused on motivating people at what level of Maslow's hierarchy?

A) safety
B) self-actualization
C) self-esteem
D) social

Question 7

Edward allows his employees a great deal of autonomy in completing their work tasks and encourages them to take responsibility and initiative for complete tasks they have the knowledge for even if they aren't part of their job responsibilities. Edward's actions follow most closely the recommendations of what theory of motivation?

A) equity theory
B) expectancy theory
C) goal-setting theory
D) self-determination theory

Question 8

Employees of Martin Manufacturing Processes, Inc. (MMPI) are implementing goal-setting as a means for reducing accident rates and employee absenteeism. What recommendation below will lead to the best outcomes for each of those variables?

A) establishing challenging but realistic, specific goals for reducing accident rates and lowering absenteeism
B) giving employees more direct control over how they do their jobs
C) giving employees surveys to determine what level of needs are unmet and encouraging supervisors to use those unmet needs to motivate the desired changes
D) setting general goals like "do your best to be at work each day" and "do your best to act in a safe manner"

Question 9

Numerous studies over many years have demonstrated the effectiveness of goal-setting in producing higher levels of motivation. Which statement below captures one of the reasons that goal-setting is effective in initiating, directing, and maintaining efforts toward desired goals?

A) it mobilizes energy and effort
B) it directs our actions and provides clear expectations for behavior
C) it leads to the prioritization of goals
D) it increases our short-range thinking and stress levels

Question 10

Concepts like the self-fulfilling prophecy focus on how other people's expectations of us and our behaviors can influence how we act and react in response to their motivational attempts. Which concept listed below focuses on how raising our own expectations for our behavior can serve as motivation?

A) Galatea effect
B) Golem effect
C) learned industriousness
D) Pygmalion effect

Question 11

Achieving a challenging goal and enjoying the experience of achieving a challenging goal serve to develop our sense of industriousness. According to the research on learned industriousness, why is this so?

A) the delayed reinforcement associated with the achievement and enjoyment
B) the long-range focus associated with the achievement and enjoyment
C) the primary reinforcement associated with the achievement and enjoyment
D) the secondary reinforcement associated with the achievement and enjoyment

Question 12

A great deal of research has demonstrated how motivation leads to goal attainment. What is a key message from the authors' discussion of goal attainment in the section on "Climbing the Ladder of Success"?

A) the performing of goal-directed behaviors is the primary source of motivation
B) only intrinsic motivation leads to long-term goal attainment
C) practicing a behavior is a more important motivator than performing the behavior for the most highly skilled individuals
D) success through perfection is the ideal for all goal attainment efforts

Question 13

James is typically an above average performer on task that require him to display and use his physical strength. However, once he is put to work on a task with other members, he often fails to work as hard as he can and would if he were doing the task alone. James is displaying _______________.

A) groupthink
B) learned industriousness
C) Pygmalion effect
D) social loafing

Question 14

Group projects often lead to students experiencing the effects of social loafing. Which of the following is a step they could take to reduce the likelihood that a group member engaged in social loafing?

A) allow everyone to choose and work individually on what interested them most and report back to the group one or two days before the project due date
B) create specific assignments for each group member to complete before the next meeting and provide any clarification needed before leaving the current meeting
C) increase creativity by allow each member to conceptualize what the final product will look like without limiting these perceptions by sharing this information with fellow group members
D) require each group member to e-mail all the others each day between meetings to identify what he or she has accomplished while working solo

Question 15

What concept discussed in chapter 8 represents under-functioning at the individual employee level, is manifested by self-doubt at the emotional and lowered levels of self-efficacy at the cognitive level, and can impede one's ability to meet their intended aspirations?

A) learned helplessness
B) learned industriousness
C) procrastination
D) social loafing

Question 16

Describe how a manager might use Maslow's Need Hierarchy to motivate his or her employees.

Question 17

Explain how a parent could use goal setting theory to improve a child's academic performance.

Question 18

Explain why learned industriousness can explain for people's differing levels of hard work in an organizational setting.

Question 19

What is a solution/are some solutions to enhancing motivation in a workplace setting?

Question 20

Explain why procrastination occurs.