Deck 2: The Psychoanalytic Legacy: Sigmund Freud

Question 1

How would you characterize the way Freud viewed the disciples and followers who surrounded him?

A) with unqualified trust
B) with great familiarity
C) with suspicion
D) with a great sense of humility

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which of the following is an accurate description of Freud's family?

A) His father was stern and humorless.
B) His family was Jewish.
C) His mother had a dull personality.
D) They were Russian.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

All of the following are true of Freud's time in medical school except one. Which is NOT true?

A) He entered medical school at age 17.
B) His grades were rather mediocre.
C) His most esteemed professor believed in closed energy systems.
D) He invented a technique for staining nervous tissue.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

During medical school, Freud experimented with

A) extrasensory perception
B) goldfish
C) cocaine
D) bile

Question 5

Freud became famous for his early book on

A) dreams
B) sexual perversion
C) cocaine
D) bile

Question 6

Early in his career, Freud adopted which philosophical position?

A) indeterminism
B) holism
C) psychological determinism
D) nihilism

Question 7

Upon what did Freud rely in forming his theory?

A) ancient Greek philosophy
B) his own personal experiences
C) the teaching of Francis Cobbs
D) Johann Mueller's experiments

Question 8

Upon the death of his father, what was probably Freud's dominant feeling?

A) guilt
B) indifference
C) chagrin
D) relief

Question 9

How did Freud feel about religion?

A) He was devout.
B) He was a militant atheist.
C) He regarded it as an illusion.
D) He refused even to discuss the topic.

Question 10

Which of the following is true of Freud's relationship with the Nazis?

A) They forced to leave Vienna for England.
B) They declared him an non-Jew.
C) His books were admired by Hitler.
D) They captured his daughter Anna and put her to death.

Question 11

Freud died of cancer of the mouth, probably traceable to

A) a genetic disposition to cancer in his family
B) his highly unusual diet
C) a distinct lack of oral hygiene
D) chain-smoking cigars

Question 12

Which of the follow words best characterizes Freud's view of the human organism?

A) altruistic
B) apathetic
C) selfish
D) benevolent

Question 13

The id is

A) self-sacrificing
B) beyond conscious awareness
C) unit that develops after age 3
D) the third personality structure to develop

Question 14

The id operates according to the ________ principle.

A) agnostic
B) operant
C) pleasure
D) antagonistic

Question 15

The primary process involves

A) needs to become all one can be
B) conscious thoughts
C) attempts to delay gratification
D) wishes that demand immediate satisfaction

Question 16

Instincts are composed of

A) physical needs only
B) physical needs and psychological wishes
C) mechanisms for delaying gratification
D) conscious thought about sex

Question 17

All of the following are ways to describe "libido" except one. Which is not a way to describe "libido"?

A) an asexual energy
B) sexual desire in the broadest sense
C) physical desire
D) erotic tendencies

Question 18

The instinct "Thanatos" is associated with

A) life
B) death
C) transcendence
D) apperception

Question 19

If you wanted to see the id operating in real life, where would you look?

A) at your conscious sexual fantasies
B) at the flirtatious behavior of young people
C) at an infant's behavior
D) at your relationship to your lovers

Question 20

What is needed to protect the infant from its tendency to accept any available object as a means to gratify a need?

A) a superego
B) an id
C) an archetype
D) an ego

Question 21

The ego operates according to the ________ principle.

A) pleasure
B) primary instinctive
C) secondary instinctive
D) reality

Question 22

The ego is guided by a higher level of mental functioning than that which guides the id. Which of the following is related to that functioning?

A) displeasure
B) primary process
C) secondary process
D) surrealism

Question 23

Which of the following is most true of the ego?

A) It is the arm of the id.
B) It commands the other personality structures.
C) It is wholly conscious.
D) It is impractical.

Question 24

Freud's definition of anxiety includes

A) a central reference to explicit sexuality
B) a statement of relationship to fear
C) reference to unpleasant emotional discomfort
D) a proposal for anxiety reduction

Question 25

Defense mechanisms

A) account for cultural pressures on people
B) satisfy id instincts
C) force people to accept their sexuality
D) help people regain control over id instincts

Question 26

According to Freud,

A) neuroses are helpful psychological processes
B) related to an over-control of instincts
C) more common among men than women
D) forms of normal behavior

Question 27

An hysterical neurosis is

A) quite common
B) physical symptoms designed to avoid painful experiences
C) a real tumor caused by psychological problems
D) episodes of crying and screaming or prolonged laughter

Question 28

The superego is

A) an arm of the id
B) a mechanism for sexual gratification
C) the representation of society in personality
D) a storehouse of instincts

Question 29

The superego operates according to the ________ principle.

A) reality
B) primary
C) pleasure
D) morality

Question 30

One of the superego's aspects or functions is equivalent to

A) conscience
B) the devil on one's shoulder
C) rationality
D) avoidance of addressing id needs

Question 31

Introjection involves

A) searching for an object to satisfy id instincts
B) repression of threatening experiences
C) incorporation of the norms of one's culture
D) failure to identify with parents

Question 32

All of the following are true regarding superego operation, except one. Which is NOT true of superego operation?

A) guilt
B) seeking perfection
C) inhibiting sexual and aggressive need
D) rejecting parents' renditions of society's rules

Question 33

An ego ideal is

A) the same as an ideal ego
B) internal representations of idealized parents
C) consciousness restricted to peers like oneself
D) a structure that mediates between the ego and the superego

Question 34

Erogenous zones are

A) the body parts that store ergs
B) non-sexual zones of the body
C) sensitive areas related to instinctual satisfactions
D) parts of the body that are purposefully ignored because they are insensitive

Question 35

To Freud, sexual referred to

A) stimulation of the genitals only
B) sexual intercourse
C) erotic interaction involving two people
D) pleasurable feelings associated with stimulation of erogenous zones

Question 36

Psychosexual refers to

A) the sexuality of archetypes
B) stages that are sexual in the broadest sense
C) functionally autonomous stages of cognitive development
D) the sexuality that occurs at adulthood

Question 37

Which of the following is increasing over time?

A) Narcissism
B) Self-Denial
C) Altruism
D) Self-sacrifice

Question 38

Fixation involves

A) frustration resulting in permanent investment of libidinal energy in a stage
B) obsessive-compulsive behaviors in every case
C) effective and efficient use of libidinal energy
D) lust for non-human objects: animals and inanimate objects

Question 39

Regression is

A) a statistical concept that Freud used to estimate loss of libidinal energy
B) moving toward people
C) anti-erotic
D) retreating to behaviors of an earlier fixated state

Question 40

Which of the following types would tend to be sarcastic and argumentative?

A) oral receptive
B) anal retentive
C) anal expulsive
D) oral aggressive

Question 41

Which of the following types would tend to be suggestible and gullible?

A) oral receptive
B) anal retentive
C) anal expulsive
D) oral aggressive

Question 42

At the anal stage, toilet training often is a

A) contest of wills
B) time of neglect of the child
C) time when parents disagree on what to do with the child
D) time of affection reduction

Question 43

Which of the following types would tend to be orderly, stingy and stubborn?

A) oral receptive
B) anal retentive
C) anal expulsive
D) oral aggressive

Question 44

Delaying gratification and retaining objects results from

A) being oral receptive
B) childhood experiences of having to retain the feces
C) being oral retentive
D) childhood experiences of over-indulgence

Question 45

Of all the psychosexual stages, which is most central to Freud's thinking?

A) oral
B) intestinal
C) anal
D) Phallic

Question 46

At the Phallic stage, which question occupies the minds of children?

A) Who does mommy favor?
B) Are boys meaner?
C) Why don't girls have penises?
D) Why do mommy and daddy seem so different?

Question 47

Which of the following involves the girl's attraction to her father and desire to eliminate her mother?

A) Neurotic complex;
B) Inferiority complex
C) Oedipal complex
D) Electra complex

Question 48

Which of the following characterizes the boy during the Phallic stage?

A) genital fixation
B) penis envy
C) castration anxiety
D) basic distrust

Question 49

Which of the following characterizes the girl during the Phallic stage?

A) genital fixation
B) penis envy
C) castration anxiety
D) basic distrust

Question 50

Which of the following relates to superego development during the Phallic stage?

A) successful toilet training
B) introjection of the same-sex parent's values
C) release of libidinal energies dammed up earlier
D) a feeling of awkwardness around the same-sex parent

Question 51

Repression

A) makes threatening material unavailable for recall
B) involves casting our unacceptable traits onto other people
C) allows us to excuse unacceptable behavior
D) produces behavior designed to reverse the effects of undesirable behavior

Question 52

Rationalization

A) makes threatening material unavailable for recall
B) involves casting our unacceptable traits onto other people
C) allows us to excuse unacceptable behavior
D) produces behavior designed to reverse the effects of undesirable behavior

Question 53

Projection

A) makes threatening material unavailable for recall
B) involves casting our unacceptable traits onto other people
C) allows us to excuse unacceptable behavior
D) produces behavior designed to reverse the effects of undesirable behavior

Question 54

Undoing

A) makes threatening material unavailable for recall
B) involves casting our unacceptable traits onto other people
C) allows us to excuse unacceptable behavior
D) produces behavior designed to reverse the effects of undesirable behavior

Question 55

What is the consequence of the girl's alleged greater difficulty in resolving her complex?

A) a stronger superego than the boy
B) less ego-strength, on average, than the boy
C) failure to be sexually interested in anyone
D) stronger identification with the mother

Question 56

The Rat man

A) had been reared in a rat infested house
B) kept pet rats and trained them to perform circus-like tricks
C) dreamed of rats perched in a walnut tree
D) thought that rats were eating the anuses of his loved ones

Question 57

Displacement

A) makes threatening material unavailable for recall
B) involves finding a new target for some feelings
C) allows us to excuse unacceptable behavior
D) is thinking intellectually rather than an emotionally

Question 58

Little Hans liked to play with his

A) horse
B) cow
C) widdler
D) hair

Question 59

Anna O's symptoms included

A) neurasthenia
B) hives
C) dissociative personality disorder
D) communication only in English

Question 60

Dora

A) dreamed that her house was on fire
B) married Herr K
C) talked in tongues
D) had a dream about a saber toothed tiger

Question 61

The Wolf man

A) saw seven doves in a pear tree
B) had a dream that Freud interpreted as symbolic of having seen his parents engaged in intercourse
C) had a dream that wolves were attacking his father and the woman he was courting
D) had big pointed ears, thus, the nickname "Wolfman"

Question 62

During the latency period

A) children are especially sexually active
B) children are sexually disintereste
C) children regress to pre-Phallic stages
D) children give up their fixations

Question 63

Sublimation

A) reorients instinctual aims in acceptable directions
B) involves casting our unacceptable traits onto other people
C) allows us to excuse unacceptable behavior
D) produces behavior designed to reverse the effects of undesirable behavior

Question 64

Which of the following represents ancient or modern support for Freud's ideas?

A) The Tallensi people of Ghana bend over backwards to avoid dealing with the Oedipus complex.
B) The movie "Legends of the Fall" involved Oedipal rivalries among three brothers.
C) The Hopi Indians of New Mexico teach about the Oedipus Complex to their children.
D) The movie "Godfather" (Part 1) was about Oedipal rivalry.

Question 65

Cathexes involve

A) asexual orientations
B) attachment of libidinal energy to objects in the real world
C) repression of sexuality
D) effective and efficient use of libidinal energy

Question 66

During the Genital stage

A) boys long for a vagina
B) girls give up their attraction to males, temporarily
C) girls accept the lack of a penis and identify with the vagina
D) boys give up their attraction to females, temporarily

Question 67

Freud's attitude toward females reflected all of the following, except one. Which was NOT reflected in Freud's attitude toward women?

A) He implied that women were morally inferior.
B) He believed that girls were mainly interested in manipulating the clitoris.
C) He believed that women's greater tendency to neurosis was due to their switch from clitoral to vaginal pleasure.
D) He believed, if you read between the lines, that women were similar to men, but superior.

Question 68

Phyllis Freud

A) was Freud's youngest daughter
B) Freud's first wife
C) a tongue-in-cheek gender reversal of Freud's biography
D) an attempt to show that Freud's theory would have turned out the same had be been a female

Question 69

Which of the following was a disorder Phyllis Freud attributed to many men?

A) testyria
B) hysteria
C) asexual neurosis
D) horse phobias

Question 70

Free association adopts an orientation that promotes the spontaneous flow of ideas and images. Further, it allows patients to experience

A) repression
B) identification
C) catharsis
D) intellectualization

Question 71

Manifest and latent content refer to

A) the content of dreams
B) sexual and asexual desire, respectively
C) the content of regressed experienced
D) the defense mechanism, denial

Question 72

Which is an important implication of the recent finding that the Prefrontal Cerebral Cortex is a crucial site for dream processing?

A) It proves that the pons plays no role in dreaming.
B) That it is inhibited during sleeping is consistent with Freud's conception of dreams.
C) That it rides herd over the emotions during sleeping is consistent with Freud's dream conceptions.
D) It is physically near the pons.

Question 73

The goal of psychoanalysis is to provide

A) insight into buried, taboo experiences
B) a reduction of inferior feelings
C) a restructuring of cognitive processes
D) extinction of phobias and neuroses

Question 74

What technique did Freud try and abandon because it provided only temporary solutions to patients' problems?

A) acupuncture
B) hypnosis
C) laying on of hands
D) astrology

Question 75

Transference is to countertransference as

A) night is to day
B) the patients' unconscious needs are to the analyst's unconscious needs
C) Oedipus complex is to Electra complex
D) Phallic stage is to Genital stage

Question 76

J. McVicker Hunt thought

A) there was no evidence for Freud's theory
B) studies lent support to the special importance of early experience
C) the evidence overwhelmingly supported Freud's view of the unconscious
D) only Freud's conception of countertransference was valid

Question 77

A new book on dreams argued that

A) dreams are random signals from the brain stem that forces the cortex to do the best it can in producing coherent imagery
B) few aspects of Freud's theory are challenged by dream research
C) dreams are akin to super-moral states
D) children's dreams are especially rich and filled with meaning.

Question 78

All of the following are conclusions regarding the degree of empirical support for Freud ideas, except one. Which was NOT a conclusion about support for Freud's ideas?

A) There is no evidence for an "unconscious."
B) Motley's spoonerism studies failed to support Freud's "slips of the tongue" in any way.
C) Anderson's work with subjects' recollections of others who were partially similar to significant others can be stretched to support transference.
D) Raskin and Shaw showed that persons scoring high on a Narcissism test used "I" and "me" more than low scorers.

Question 79

"False Memories"

A) are, in the final analysis, unrelated to Freud's ideas
B) are irrelevant to the psychotherapeutic context
C) can be induced by an event that is basically the same as a previous event
D) are supported by a large body of research started by Elizabeth Loftus

Question 80

Where did Anna O. get the idea, which Freud adopted, that one must dredge up traumas of the past and reexperience them in order to be well?

A) from Janet
B) from folk lore
C) from Breuer
D) from hallucinations