Question 1

The ethical standard set by the profession that refers to the counselor's promise to keep what is said private is:&#10;A) Privileged communication&#10;B) Autonomy&#10;C) Confidentiality&#10;D) Veracity

Accepted Answer

Confidentiality is a fundamental moral and ethical principle in counseling that establishes the trust and credibility of the counseling relationship. It requires counselors to keep personal and sensitive client information private and only disclose it with the client's consent or when legally required to do so. Privileged communication (choice A) is a legally protected form of confidential communication, while autonomy (choice B) refers to the client's right to make their own decisions and act on them. Veracity (choice D) is the obligation of counselors to be truthful and honest in all their professional interactions. While all of these concepts are important in counseling, the practice of confidentiality is specifically related to protecting the client's privacy.

Question 2

Duty to warn refers to the counselor's responsibility to breach confidentiality in all of the following situations except:&#10;A) A client has a plan to commit suicide&#10;B) A client has a plan to harm another person&#10;C) A court orders you to release counseling records&#10;D) A client displays high levels of depression

Accepted Answer

The duty to warn only applies when there is a specific and imminent threat of harm to either the client themselves or another person. Displaying high levels of depression alone does not meet this standard.

Question 3

This ethical decision-making model is the most prominent found in literature and is based on five moral principles:&#10;A) Kitchener's Model&#10;B) Social Justice Model&#10;C) Rest's Model&#10;D) Social Constructivist Model

Accepted Answer

Kitchener's Model is based on five moral principles, which are autonomy, nonmaleficence, beneficence, justice, and fidelity. These principles are widely accepted in the field of ethics and provide a comprehensive framework for making ethical decisions. The Social Justice Model is more focused on addressing systemic issues of inequality and may not be applicable in all ethical dilemmas. Rest's Model focuses on the individual's moral development and may not be as useful in guiding decision-making in complex ethical situations. The Social Constructivist Model emphasizes the importance of social context in ethical decision-making, but it may not provide clear guidance on how to resolve conflicting ethical principles. Therefore, Kitchener's Model is the best choice for making ethical decisions in most situations.

Question 4

The process that involves helping the client understand his or her right to receive or refuse counseling services, to understand what counseling involves, and to comprehend the possible consequences of involvement is referred to as:

A) Confidentiality
B) Informed consent
C) Privileged communication
D) Nonmaleficence

Accepted Answer

Informed consent is the process where a counselor explains to a client their rights to receive or refuse counseling services, as well as informing the client of what counseling involves and the potential consequences of their involvement. This process is important to ensure that the client gives consent to participate in counseling knowingly and voluntarily. Confidentiality refers to the counselor's obligation to keep the client's information private, while privileged communication refers to the legal protection of certain types of communication between a client and counselor. Nonmaleficence is the ethical principle of doing no harm to the client.

Question 5

This precedent-setting court decision ruled that parents of minors do not have an absolute right to the counseling records of their child or the exclusive right to assert or waive the therapist-client privilege on this child's behalf:

A) Tarasoff v. Regents of the University of California
B) Harder v. Anderson, Arnold, Dickey, Jensen, Gullickson, Sanger, and Pini
C) In the matter of Kathleen Quigley Berg and Eugene E. Berg
D) Johnson v. Krisoff

Accepted Answer

In the matter of Kathleen Quigley Berg and Eugene E. Berg is the court case which ruled that parents of minors do not have an absolute right to the counseling records of their child or the exclusive right to assert or waive the therapist–client privilege on this child’s behalf. This decision set a precedent for future cases involving minors and their right to privacy in therapy sessions.

Deck 6: Legal and Ethical Implications