Deck 13: Neurocognitive Disorders

Question 1

A disorder whose primary clinical deficit is in cognition that represents a decline from previous functioning is called

A) neurocognitive disorder.
B) amnestic disorder.
C) autism.
D) dysphoria.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

_____ is a condition that involves a modest cognitive decline from a previous level of performance.

A) Tay-Sachs disease
B) Shared psychotic disorder
C) Rapid cycling form of bipolar disorder
D) Mild neurocognitive disorder

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Mild neurocognitive disorder is best defined as

A) a disease that can cause dementia and that involves the degeneration of neurons in the subcortical structures that control motor movements.
B) a condition in which there is a modest decline in cognitive functioning from previous levels.
C) a relatively rare degenerative disease that affects the frontal and temporal lobes of the cerebral cortex.
D) a hereditary condition causing dementia that involves a widespread deterioration of the subcortical brain structures and parts of the frontal cortex that control motor movements.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

A temporary condition in which individuals experience a disturbance in attention and awareness, is referred to as

A) delirium.
B) akinesia.
C) agnosia.
D) dementia.

Question 5

Delirium is best defined as

A) a chromosomal disorder caused by the presence of a third copy of chromosome 21.
B) an acute form of dyskinesia in which the affected part of the body is paralyzed.
C) a temporary condition where individuals experience disturbances in their attention and awareness.
D) a condition in which the pituitary glands stop producing growth hormones.

Question 6

Which of the following is a core symptom of delirium?

A) An acute state of confusion
B) Social disinhibition
C) Loss of fine motor coordination
D) Progressive loss of memory, language, calculation, and reasoning

Question 7

While Rupert was playing baseball at school, one of his team mates accidently hit him with his baseball bat. Immediately after that incident, he was unable to focus on the game. He seemed to be cut off from reality. Based on this information we can say that Rupert was experiencing an episode of

A) delirium.
B) akinesia.
C) bradykinesia.
D) atrial tachycardia.

Question 8

Of the following, which is most likely to be a cause of delirium?

A) faulty reinforcement patterns.
B) mutation in the Y chromosome.
C) substance intoxication.
D) mutation in the X chromosome.

Question 9

Delirium is most common among

A) children between the ages of 5 and 10.
B) people in their adolescence.
C) young adults with akinesia.
D) medically or psychiatrically hospitalized older adults.

Question 10

Which of the following is true about delirium?

A) The symptoms of delirium do not fluctuate and tend to be consistent throughout the course of the disease.
B) People who experience delirium permanently lose their conscious awareness.
C) Vitamin deficiency can cause delirium.
D) Delirium occurs only in people who are above forty.

Question 11

Which of the following is a medication commonly used for the treatment of delirium?

A) Oral antihistamine
B) Haloperidol
C) Narcotic analgesic
D) OTC antihistamine

Question 12

_____ is a neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by progressive and gradual cognitive deficits due to severe cerebral atrophy.

A) Alzheimer's disease
B) trisomy21
C) Down's syndrome
D) Autism

Question 13

_________________ is best defined as

A) a disease that can cause dementia and that involves the degeneration of neurons in the subcortical structures that control motor movements.
B) a cause of neurocognitive disorder, characterized by progressive and gradual cognitive deficits due to severe cerebral atrophy.
C) a relatively rare degenerative disease that affects the frontal and temporal lobes of the cerebral cortex and that can cause dementia.
D) a hereditary condition causing dementia that involves a widespread deterioration of the subcortical brain structures and parts of the frontal cortex that control motor movements.

Question 14

John is in his early sixties. He has difficulties in remembering basic information, such as his own address. He often fails to recognize people and cannot carry out simple motor activities. John initially experienced loss of memory a few years ago; over time these symptoms have increased. He does not experience any fluctuations in consciousness. John is unable to carry out day-to-day activities. Which of the following diagnoses would best fit John's condition?

A) Delirium
B) Trisomy21
C) Somatic symptom disorder
D) Alzheimer's disease

Question 15

_________________ is primarily characterized by

A) duplication of chromosome 21.
B) degeneration in the tissues of the cerebral cortex.
C) inability of the pituitary glands to produce growth hormones.
D) sexual dimorphism.

Question 16

Which of the following is primarily affected by _________________?

A) Hypothalamus
B) Putamen
C) Central sulcus
D) Cerebral cortex

Question 17

Pick's disease is best defined as

A) a condition in which an individual suffers some memory problems but does not show symptoms of neurocognitive disorder.
B) a relatively rare degenerative disease that affects the frontal and temporal lobes of the cerebral cortex and that can cause neurocognitive disorder.
C) a hereditary condition causing neurocognitive disorder that involves a widespread deterioration of the subcortical brain structures and parts of the frontal cortex that control motor movements.
D) a type of somatoform disorder in which the affected individuals are preoccupied with a perceived defect of their physical features.

Question 18

Which of the following is primarily affected by Pick's disease?

A) Lungs
B) Lymph nodes
C) Cerebral cortex
D) Kidneys

Question 19

Which of the following is a symptom typically associated with Pick's disease?

A) People with Pick's disease have lower RBC count.
B) People with Pick's disease become socially disinhibited.
C) People with Pick's disease has polycystic kidneys.
D) People with Pick's disease do not have antibodies.

Question 20

Which of the following statements describes the major difference between Pick's disease and _________________?

A) Pick's disease is brought on by exposure to toxic substances while Alzheimer's is not.
B) Individual's with Pick's disease experience memory loss earlier than individuals with Alzheimer's disease
C) Individuals with Pick's disease undergo personality changes before they begin to have memory problems while individuals with Alzheimer's experience memory problems first.
D) Pick's disease affects the cerebral cortex whileAlzheimer's disease does not.

Question 21

Michelle, a 70-year-old woman, was a very composed and gentle person. For the past eight months, she has been behaving in a very impulsive and violent manner. She has been experiencing memory problems, too. She also exhibits other symptoms of neurocognitive disorder. Michelle is most likely suffering from

A) anorexia.
B) Down's syndrome.
C) autism.
D) Pick's disease.

Question 22

Which of the following is the disease that involves the neuronal degeneration of the basal ganglia, the subcortical structures that control motor movements?

A) Pick's disease
B) Anorexia
C) Parkinson's disease
D) Dysphoria

Question 23

Which of the following is true about Pick's disease?

A) People with Pick's disease do not experience neurocognitive disorder.
B) Pick's disease is caused due to the presence of a third chromosome 21.
C) People with Pick's disease appear apathetic and unmotivated.
D) Pick's disease involves neuronal degeneration of the basal ganglia.

Question 24

Which of the following is the subcortical structure that controls a person's motor movements and whose degeneration is primarily related to Parkinson's disease?

A) Corpus callosum
B) Hypothalamus
C) Cerebellum
D) Basal ganglia

Question 25

_____ is a disease that can cause neurocognitive disorder and that involves the degeneration of neurons in the subcortical structures that control motor movements.

A) Parkinson's disease
B) Tay-Sachs disease
C) Down's syndrome
D) Bipolar disorder

Question 26

Parkinson's disease is best defined as

A) a neurocognitive disorder that involves the degeneration of neurons in the subcortical structures that control motor movements.
B) a relatively rare degenerative disease that affects the frontal and temporal lobes of the cerebral cortex and that causes primary neurocognitive disorder.
C) a hereditary condition causing neurocognitive disorder that involves a widespread deterioration of the subcortical brain structures and parts of the frontal cortex that control motor movements.
D) a type of somatoform disorder in which the affected individual is preoccupied with a perceived defect of their physical features.

Question 27

Which of the following is one of the symptoms of Parkinson's disease?

A) Tinnitus
B) Psoriasis
C) Reduction of bone mineral density
D) Loss of motor coordination

Question 28

Stephen has recently had a stroke, interrupting the supply of oxygenated blood to his brain. He has been suffering from hypertension for the past few years. Since he has had the stroke, Stephen has found it difficult to understand what people are saying. He is unable to recall simple words, and is finding it difficult to communicate. He is unable to complete routine tasks by himself, such as getting dressed or making a toast. Stephen is most likely to be suffering from

A) vascular neurocognitive disorder.
B) bipolar disorder.
C) Down's syndrome.
D) Huntington's disease.

Question 29

How might a clinician differentiate between the cognitive impairment seen in Alzheimer's clients and the deficits seen in clients suffering from vascular neurocognitive disorder?

A) Clients with Alzheimer's suffer from physical deterioration along with cognitive losses while clients with vascular neurocognitive disorder suffer only from cognitive losses.
B) Clients with Alzheimer's follow a gradual pattern of cognitive deterioration while clients with vascular neurocognitive disorder show a stepwise deterioration in cognitive functioning.
C) Clients with Alzheimer's suffer from selective cognitive losses while clients with vascular neurocognitive disorder suffer from global losses.
D) Clients with Alzheimer's suffer only from cognitive losses while clients with vascular neurocognitive disorder suffer from physical deterioration along with cognitive losses.

Question 30

Which of the following is a form of vascular neurocognitive disorder caused by transient attacks in which blood flow to the brain is interrupted by a clogged or burst artery?

A) Huntington's disease
B) Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
C) Multi-infarct dementia
D) Schizophrenia

Question 31

Multi-infarct dementia is best defined as

A) a form of neurocognitive disorder caused by transient attacks in which blood flow to the brain is interrupted by a clogged or burst artery.
B) a condition in which a person exhibits a set of symptoms caused by depression that mimic those apparent in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease
C) a neurological disease transmitted from animals to humans that leads to neurocognitive disorder and death resulting from abnormal protein accumulations in the brain.
D) a hereditary condition causing neurocognitive disorder that involves a widespread deterioration of the subcortical brain structures and parts of the frontal cortex that control motor movements.

Question 32

Which of the following is one of the symptoms of vascular neurocognitive disorder?

A) Weakness in the arms and legs
B) Akinesia and bradykinesia
C) Absence of ADLs
D) Decreases in sexual motivation

Question 33

Multi-infarct dementia differs from _________________ in that multi-infarct dementia

A) involves gradual loss of memory and disturbance in executive functioning.
B) is caused by transient attacks where blood flow to the brain is interrupted by a clogged or burst artery.
C) involves cognitive losses that can be reversed through psychotherapy.
D) is caused by an infectious agent.

Question 34

Janice is suffering from a cardiovascular disease. She experiences brief attacks during which blocks in her arteries reduce the supply of blood to her brain. As a result of this, she has also been exhibiting symptoms of neurocognitive disorder, including a disturbance in executive functioning Janice is most likely to be suffering from

A) pseudodementia.
B) Lewy body dementia.
C) multi-infarct dementia.
D) Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.

Question 35

Multi-infarct dementia leads to the death of

A) white blood cells.
B) red blood cells.
C) neurons.
D) antibodies.

Question 36

Which of the following is true about vascular neurocognitive disorder?

A) There is no treatment to reverse the cognitive losses in vascular neurocognitive disorder.
B) People with vascular neurocognitive disorder do not experience memory impairment.
C) Vascular neurocognitive disorder is hereditary in nature.
D) Vascular neurocognitive disorder is caused by an infectious agent.

Question 37

Trauma to the head that results in an alteration or loss of consciousness, or post-traumatic _____ is called traumatic brain injury.

A) akinesia
B) amnesia
C) agnosia
D) aphasia

Question 38

Following a mild traumatic brain injury, some people experience _____, which is a constellation of physical, cognitive, and emotional symptoms that last from weeks to years.

A) autism
B) postconcussion syndrome
C) Down's syndrome
D) anorexia

Question 39

What percentage of wounded soldiers in the Afghanistan and Iraq Wars are estimated to have suffered a TBI?

A) 5%-10%
B) 12%-20%
C) 30%-50%
D) 20%-30%

Question 40

Which of the following is a condition that people undergoing mild TBI are most likely to experience?

A) Postconcussion syndrome
B) Hemophilia
C) Down's syndrome
D) Autism

Question 41

In the context of TBI, which of the following is true?

A) Individuals below the age of forty are not at risk of experiencing TBI.
B) In older adults, falls are the most common cause of TBIs.
C) TBI is a chromosomal disorder caused by the presence of a third copy of chromosome 21.
D) TBI is an acute form of dyskinesia in which the affected part of the body is paralyzed.

Question 42

Which of the following is true of postconcussion syndrome?

A) It occurs only in people with severe traumatic brain injury.
B) Its symptoms can persist from weeks to years.
C) It involves progressive loss of cognitive functions.
D) Its core symptom is the inability to understand or produce language.

Question 43

Gerard had met with an accident in which he had injured his head. Just prior to the accident, Gerard had an episode of anxiety disorder. Following the accident, he suffered acute post-traumatic stress for five days. Gerard is most likely to develop

A) postconcussion syndrome.
B) Down's syndrome.
C) autism.
D) hemophilia.

Question 44

Gracia, after having suffered from cognitive deficits for a period of five years dies at the age of seventy five. When her brain is examined, it is discovered that her cerebral cortex had degenerated. It is likely that this woman suffered from

A) Alzheimer's disease
B) autism.
C) trisomy 21.
D) Tay-Sachs disease.

Question 45

U.S. mortality records and recent autopsy studies have led to more conservative estimates of the incidence of _________________. These findings suggest that the incidence is approximately _____ percent.

A) 5
B) 12
C) 21
D) 43

Question 46

Which of the following statements about _________________ is true?

A) It is a neurodegenerative disorder that is sudden and causes the death of the affected individual immediately.
B) The symptoms of Alzheimer's disease become progressively worse over time.
C) It is a genetic disorder which is characterized by the presence of a third copy of the chromosome 21.
D) It refers to damage to the brain caused by exposure to trauma.

Question 47

Neurocognitive disorder resulting from anoxia is mainly caused due to

A) oxygen deprivation to the brain.
B) the duplication of chromosome 21.
C) mutation of the Y chromosome.
D) absence of white blood cells.

Question 48

_____ is the condition in which the brain is deprived of oxygen leading to dementia.

A) Anorexia
B) Apraxia
C) Anoxia
D) Agnosia

Question 49

Which of the following is one of the primary causes of anoxia?

A) Blood sugar imbalance
B) Muscle imbalance
C) Excess supply of oxygen to the brain
D) Carbon monoxide poisoning

Question 50

Which of the following is one of the primary causes of anoxia?

A) Blood sugar imbalance
B) Muscle imbalance
C) Excess supply of oxygen to the brain
D) Complications with anesthesia during surgery

Question 51

People who are severely undernourished are prone to develop a deficiency of _____, a critical nutrient, which can lead to progressive cerebral atrophy.

A) iron
B) magnesium
C) folate
D) carbonate

Question 52

Which of the following statements about the treatment of cognitive losses associated with physical disorders and toxic reactions is true?

A) Since brain damage is irreparable, no treatment is likely to reverse cognitive losses.
B) If the client receives prompt care, the cognitive losses may be reversed.
C) Treatment in the middle stages is most effective in reversing the cognitive losses.
D) Treatment in the later stages is most effective in reversing the cognitive losses.

Question 53

_____ therapies for AIDS have primarily been responsible for lowering the chances of developing dementia in the late stages of the disease.

A) Antiretroviral
B) Serotonergic
C) Dopaminergic
D) Lewy body

Question 54

Which of the following is a symptom typically associated with major neurocognitive disorder?

A) Amnesia
B) Anorexia
C) Claustrophobia
D) Hydrophobia

Question 55

The cognitive disorder symptom involving the inability to recall previously learned information or to register new memories is referred to as

A) Parkinson's disease.
B) amnesia
C) bipolar disorder.
D) cyclothymic disorder.

Question 56

Amnesia is best defined as

A) the inability to recall previously learned information or to register new memories.
B) a type of somatoform disorder in which the affected individual is preoccupied with a perceived defect of their physical features.
C) a chromosomal disorder caused by the presence of a third copy of chromosome 21.
D) a disorder characterized by an abnormal fear of gaining weight.

Question 57

Cindy had met with a motor accident two months back in which she suffered from a head injury. She was unable to recollect any of her personal information, such as her name, profession, and where she lived. She had no recollection of events that had occurred before the accident. Which of the following diagnoses would best fit her condition?

A) Parkinson's disease
B) Amnesia
C) Bipolar disorder
D) Asperger's syndrome

Question 58

Pierce recently suffered from a head trauma, as a result of which he is unable to retain new information. He cannot remember his personal details, such as his name, address, and educational details. Which of the following diagnoses would best fit his condition?

A) Akinesia
B) Delirium
C) Major neurocognitive disorder due to a general medical condition
D) Substance-induced amnestic disorders

Question 59

Of the following, substance/medication-induced neurocognitive disorder is most likely to be caused by

A) loss of oxygen.
B) a head trauma.
C) continuous exposure to environmental toxins.
D) the herpes simplex virus.

Question 60

Carmine has worked at a pesticide manufacturing company for years and recently she has become increasingly forgetful. If her memory loss persists, Carmine is most likely to be diagnosed with

A) bradykinesia.
B) anorexia.
C) amnestic disorder due to a general medical condition.
D) substance-induced persisting amnestic disorder.

Question 61

Which of the following is the most common cause of substance-induced persisting amnestic disorder?

A) Chronic alcohol use
B) Chronic marijuana use
C) Head injury
D) Viral infection

Question 62

In the context of substance-induced persisting amnestic disorder, which of the following is true?

A) The most common cause of this disorder is head trauma.
B) These disorders are temporary conditions that do not last for more than a month.
C) These disorders due to medical conditions are not chronic.
D) Industrial solvents can cause this disorder.

Question 63

Neuropsychological testing helps clinicians identify specific patterns of responses that fit known disease profiles.

Question 64

A definitive diagnosis ofAlzheimer's disease can only be made after an autopsy is performed.

Question 65

Behavioral strategies can reduce the frequency of aggression in an Alzheimer's patient.

Question 66

The prevalence rates for Alzheimer's disease are actually much lower than previously reported.

Question 67

People with Pick's disease have memory problems before undergoing personality alterations.

Question 68

Cognitive changes do not occur in all people with Parkinson's disease.

Question 69

Huntington's disease affects personality and cognitive functioning.

Question 70

Currently, it is not clear the condition called neurocognitive disorder with Lewy bodies is a distinct illness or is a variation of Alzheimer's or Parkinson's disease.

Question 71

Reducing the risk of hypertension and diabetes is one important way to lower the chances of developing cognitive disorders in later life.

Question 72

Individuals least at risk of developing postconcussion syndrome are those who had an anxiety or depressive disorder prior to their injury.

Question 73

The cognitive losses that are associated with physical disorders and toxic reactions is irreversible.

Question 74

The biopsychosocial perspective has yet to develop a cure forAlzheimer's disease

Question 75

Match the term to the appropriate definition or description.
-Tau

A) a rare neurological disease thought to be caused by an infectious agent that results in abnormal protein accumulations in the brain
B) loss of memory due to depression 2
C)a difficulty initiating movement because of the rigidity of the muscles
D) a protein that normally helps maintain the internal support structure of axons 1
E)a relatively rare progressive degenerative disease that affects the frontal and temporal lobes of the cerebral cortex
F) a temporary state in which individuals disturbances in their attention and awareness; they are unaware of what is happening around them and are unable to focus or pay attention

Question 76

Match the term to the appropriate definition or description.
-Pseudodementia

A) a rare neurological disease thought to be caused by an infectious agent that results in abnormal protein accumulations in the brain
B) loss of memory due to depression 3
C)a difficulty initiating movement because of the rigidity of the muscles
D) a protein that normally helps maintain the internal support structure of axons 2
E)a relatively rare progressive degenerative disease that affects the frontal and temporal lobes of the cerebral cortex
F) a temporary state in which individuals disturbances in their attention and awareness; they are unaware of what is happening around them and are unable to focus or pay attention

Question 77

Match the term to the appropriate definition or description.
-Delirium

A) a rare neurological disease thought to be caused by an infectious agent that results in abnormal protein accumulations in the brain
B) loss of memory due to depression 4
C)a difficulty initiating movement because of the rigidity of the muscles
D) a protein that normally helps maintain the internal support structure of axons 3
E)a relatively rare progressive degenerative disease that affects the frontal and temporal lobes of the cerebral cortex
F) a temporary state in which individuals disturbances in their attention and awareness; they are unaware of what is happening around them and are unable to focus or pay attention

Question 78

Match the term to the appropriate definition or description.
-Akinesia

A) a rare neurological disease thought to be caused by an infectious agent that results in abnormal protein accumulations in the brain
B) loss of memory due to depression 5
C)a difficulty initiating movement because of the rigidity of the muscles
D) a protein that normally helps maintain the internal support structure of axons 4
E)a relatively rare progressive degenerative disease that affects the frontal and temporal lobes of the cerebral cortex
F) a temporary state in which individuals disturbances in their attention and awareness; they are unaware of what is happening around them and are unable to focus or pay attention

Question 79

Match the term to the appropriate definition or description.
-Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

A) a rare neurological disease thought to be caused by an infectious agent that results in abnormal protein accumulations in the brain
B) loss of memory due to depression 6
C)a difficulty initiating movement because of the rigidity of the muscles
D) a protein that normally helps maintain the internal support structure of axons 5
E)a relatively rare progressive degenerative disease that affects the frontal and temporal lobes of the cerebral cortex
F) a temporary state in which individuals disturbances in their attention and awareness; they are unaware of what is happening around them and are unable to focus or pay attention

Question 80

Match the term to the appropriate definition or description.
-Pick's disease

A) a rare neurological disease thought to be caused by an infectious agent that results in abnormal protein accumulations in the brain
B) loss of memory due to depression 7
C)a difficulty initiating movement because of the rigidity of the muscles
D) a protein that normally helps maintain the internal support structure of axons 6
E)a relatively rare progressive degenerative disease that affects the frontal and temporal lobes of the cerebral cortex
F) a temporary state in which individuals disturbances in their attention and awareness; they are unaware of what is happening around them and are unable to focus or pay attention