Deck 7: The Age of Science and the Enlightenment: 1560-1789

Question 1

The Age of Science and the Enlightenment

A) Mark the rebirth of the classics in Western civilization.
B) Was primarily an intellectual and elitist movement.
C) Was a combination of the effects of the Renaissance and Reformation.
D) Marks the beginning of the end of pre-modern culture as an ideal type.
E) All of the above

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Rousseau had a big impact on education in that

A) He was an advocate of the ideas of the scholastics.
B) He used the ideas of the classics to promote education.
C) He used physical activity to develop children into good citizens.
D) He did not have an impact on education, but on politics.
E) All of the above

Answer 2

C

Question 3

During the Age of Science

A) Science became a separate area of study from philosophy.
B) The development of "reasoned inquiry" came into being.
C) The goal of science was to improve the quality of life on earth.
D) All of the above.
E) None of the above.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Galileo Galilei

A) Founded the Copernican view of the universe.
B) Found much of the philosophical foundation, along with Descartes, on which modern culture operates.
C) Was convicted of heresy by the Inquisition.
D) Was sentenced to prison but lived in his house until his death, condemned by the Church.
E) All of the above.

Question 5

Francis Bacon

A) Attempted to classify science in logical order.
B) Developed the inductive method of reasoning.
C) Did some of his work in the "Philosophy of Science".
D) All of the above.
E) None of the above.

Question 6

Isaac Newton

A) Developed the mechanical theory of the universe that supported the position that God created the world as a perfect machine.
B) Wrote "Minds and Bodies".
C) Argued that the universe is guided by laws that are timeless and never change.
D) A and c only.
E) All of the above.

Question 7

Michel de Montaigne

A) Believed in a "well rounded" individual.
B) Believed, as did Hobbes, that our experiences are valid and our senses are the only means of learning.
C) Believed in a monist view of human existence.
D) All of the above.
E) None of the above.

Question 8

Michel de Montaigne

A) Opposed dualism.
B) Advocated "manly exercise".
C) Promoted physical education.
D) All of the above.
E) None of the above.

Question 9

John Locke

A) Was a social realist.
B) Believed the mind was a "tabula rasa".
C) Was a dualist.
D) Promoted good recreational activity.
E) All of the above.

Question 10

During the Enlightenment

A) Debates occurred between philosophers and educators relative to the merits of the "new way of thinking" that was representative of this period.
B) Physical education and sport were affected positively.
C) The critics of this period had much to say about the virtues of human movement.
D) The English Revolution of 1640 and the French Revolution of 1789 took place.
E) All of the above.

Question 11

The theories of John Locke, George Berkeley, and David Hume

A) Had a minimal impact upon the "ideas" that reflected the Enlightenment.
B) Maintained that people could "know" through their bodies.
C) Supported the position that the body could be used as a tool for learning.
D) B and C only.
E) All of the above.

Question 12

George Berkeley

A) Was an idealist.
B) Believed that it we cannot perceive something, it cannot exist.
C) Believed the body is a necessary part of our existence and thus places the body, and our ability to "know" through the body, in an important metaphysical position.
D) All of the above.
E) None of the above.

Question 13

David Hume

A) Was a skeptic.
B) Believed that the body was no important relative to sensing "impressions".
C) Believed that we cannot know anything without our bodies.
D) A and c only.
E) A and b only.

Question 14

David Hume

A) Was a monist.
B) Believed that the arguments describing the differences between mind and body was nonsense.
C) Believed that we cannot have perfect knowledge of anything.
D) All of the above.
E) None of the above.

Question 15

Jean Jacques Rousseau

A) Wrote Emile, one of the most famous books on education.
B) Believed that the educational process should be as natural as possible.
C) Believed mind and body should work in harmony.
D) The body is of primary importance in learning.
E) All of the above.

Question 16

Rousseau

A) Believed that the body must be made healthy prior to developing the properties of the mind.
B) Held physical education in high esteem.
C) Was a monist.
D) A and B only.
E) B and C only.

Question 17

Johann Basedow

A) Emphasized the use of the senses in learning.
B) Educated children as "small adults".
C) Based his education practices on Rousseau's Emile.
D) Built the curriculum in the Philanthropinum as an education of both mind and body.
E) A, C, & D only.

Question 18

Thomas Hobbes was a materialist and believed in the doctrine of Determinism.

Question 19

Rene Descartes was a "realist" and epistemologically, believed in sense input as a positive source of knowledge.

Question 20

The beliefs of both Hobbes and Descartes are based on science, not metaphysics.

Question 21

Richard Mulcaster believed in educating both the mind and the body.

Question 22

The bourgeoisie is defined as the well educated middle class that was hostile to the aristocracy.

Question 23

During the Enlightenment both the philosophers and the philosophies argued for developing a coherent philosophy as did Plato and Aristotle.

Question 24

Greek gymnastics were used at the Philanthropinum.

Question 25

Johann Friedrich Guts Muths wrote extensively on physical education.

Question 26

Like his contemporary and friend Johann Basedow, Guts Muths taught at the Philanthropinum.

Question 27

Guts Muths did not agree with Rousseau that the development of the body must occur prior to the development of the mind.